Semester Study Guide
Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of notebook paper. Use your textbook or your
composition notebook to answer the questions. .
1st 9 weeks Review
Greece
1. What were the lasting legacies of Greece?
2. What did these men do and why are they a legacy of Greece?
a. Socrates
b. Plato
c. Aristotle
Rome
3. What were the lasting legacies of Rome?
4. What was the Pax Romana?
5. What religion developed and grew in this empire?
Byzantine Empire
6. Why was Byzantium/Constantinople so successful?
7. What is the legacy of Justinian?
8. What was the Great Schism and what was its lasting affect?
Crusades
9. What was so significant about the 1st and 4th crusades?
10. What were the major impacts of the crusades?
Muslim Civilizations
11. What were major legacies of the Muslim Empires?
12. What were Centers of Learning?
13. Who was Suleiman and what is his lasting legacy?
2nd Nine Weeks Review
Renaissance
14. What was the role of the church in the Renaissance?
15. Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?
16. What were the artistic, literary, and intellectual ideas of the Renaissance?
17. Who were prominent Italian Renaissance artists and writers?
18. How did classical knowledge of the ancient Greeks and Romans foster humanism in the Italian
Renaissance?
19. Who were important artists and writers of the Northern Renaissance?
20. What were Machiavelli’s ideas about power?
21. What was the role of the printing press in the spread of new ideas?
Reformation
22. What were the problems and issues that provoked religious reforms in Western Christianity?
23. What were the major economic, political and theological issues involved in the Reformation?
24. What were the beliefs of
a. Martin Luther
b. John Calvin
c. Henry VIII
25. What were some of the changing cultural, values, traditions, and philosophies during the
Reformation?
26. Why did these reform movements succeed at this moment in time?
27. What was the impact of the Council of Trent on the Catholic Church?
Scientific Revolution
28. What were some new scientific theories and discoveries?
29. What were some of the effects of these new theories?
30. What improved technologies and institutions were important to European economies?
Exploration
31. What specific technologies were required to sail the open seas?
32. Why were Europeans interest in discovering new lands?
33. How did the expansion of European empires into the Americas affect the religion of those
areas?
34. What was the impact of the Columbian Exchange between European and indigenous cultures?
35. What affects did European exploration have on the people of Africa?
Enlightenment
36. Who were some Enlightenment philosophers, and what were their ideas?
37. How did of the Enlightenment influence thinking on political issues?
Revolutions
38. How did the English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution promote the development of the
rights of Englishmen?
39. How did the Enlightenment promote revolution in the American colonies?
40. How did the Enlightenment contribute to causing the Revolutions of the 1700 and 1800’s?
41. What were the three estates of the Old Regime?
42. What was the legacy of Napoleon?
43. What was the significance of the Congress of Vienna?
44. How did the French and American Revolutions influence Latin America?
45. What were the contributions of Toussaint L’Ouverture and Simon Bolivar to revolutions in Latin
America?