World’s Apart
Pgs. 140-143
EQ: Why did increased tensions between
the North and the South lead to war?
 Tariff:
a tax on imported goods
 States’
rights: the idea that states, not the
federal government, should make the final
decisions about matters that affect them
 Sectionalism:
country
loyalty to one part of the
 When
people have very different ideas from
one another, it can seem as if they live in
separate worlds.
 Have
you ever felt like you were very
different from someone else?
 In
the early 1800’s, the South and the North
were worlds apart from each other in many
ways.
 Slavery
had been around the US
for a long time. The 13 colonies
had all allowed slavery.
 However,
slaves were less common in the
North than in the South.
 After
the war for Independence, several
northern states passed laws to abolish, or
end, slavery. Southern states chose not to.
 George
Mason, a slave-owner from Virginia
called slavery a “national sin”.
 Delegates at the Continental Congress could
not agree to end slavery. Many hoped it
would just die out.
 However, it was the opposite, changes in
southern farming caused slavery to GROW in
the coming years.
 After
the invention of the cotton gin in 1793,
southern farmers wanted more enslaved
people to work in their cotton fields.
 Enslaved
people worked in the fields picking
cotton. Cotton was then packed into bales
before being shipped. Many plantations were
near the Mississippi River, where steamboats
carried the cotton south to New Orleans.
 The
cotton gin made cotton much easier to
produce. New textile mills in Britain and New
England needed more cotton, and the South
could grow it.
 Cotton was the South’s most important crop.
 By 1840, the South was growing most of the
world’s cotton.
 Plantation owners used their profits to buy
more land and more slaves.
 By 1790, there were about 700,000 enslaved
people in the South.
 By 1860, there were nearly 4 million.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6eT4bNx
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Sometimes enslaved people fought against slaveowners.
 Nat Turner led a rebellion against slaver owners.
 He and his followers killed 59 people before
being stopped by the local militia.
 After Nat’s Rebellion, southern states passed
laws to control enslaved and free blacks.
 Example: Black preachers were no longer able to
preach without a white person present.
 By 1850, slaves and free blacks had fewer rights
than ever.

 Slavery
became a source of deep conflict
between the North and the South. Many
southerners argued that slavery was too
important to their economy to give up.
 Some
people in the North argued that
slavery kept the economy from growing
faster.
 They
also believed that slavery was unfair
and wrong.
What led to the growth of slavery in the early
1800s?
 Answer: Plantation owners used more and more
slaves to grow it.

Why did the value of cotton grow?
 Mills in Britain and New England needed it

What did the southern states do after Nat
Turner’s rebellion?
 They passed laws to control both enslaved and
free blacks.

 Turn
to page 142.
 Discuss
the differences in economies
between the North and the South.
 What
was the value of goods in the North in
1840?
 About 375 millions.
 The
North and the South had different
economies.
South
North
-economy was agricultural
-many farmers, but
economy was changing
-southerners worked on
larger plantations
-more big cities
-small farms and grew food
crops (corn)
-factories were being built
-raised cattle and pigs
-factories made textiles,
shoes, tools, and goods
 By
1860, fewer than half of people in the
North were farmers.
 Different
economies in the North and South
led to disagreements.
 One was based on tariffs: a tax on imported
goods.
 Between 1816 and 1832, Congress passed
high tariffs on goods made outside the
country (ex. British textiles: expensive)
 The only cloth people could afford came
from the mills in England.
 Congress
used tariffs to help American
manufacturing.
 Tariffs were good for northern industry, but
they didn’t help the South, where there was
less industry.
 Southerners, had to pay higher prices for
manufactured goods they wanted, such as
steel and cloth.
 When prices of the goods went up,
Southerners blamed it on tariffs and the
North.
 John
C. Calhoun argued against tariffs.
Calhoun was vice president in 1828.
 He
believed the Constitution didn’t allow the
federal government to create tariffs.
 He
argued for states’ rights: the idea that
states, not the government, should make the
final decisions about matters that affect
them.
 Calhoun
believed that states had the right to
veto tariffs.
 States’ rights became a popular idea in the
south.
 Disagreements over slavery, tariffs, and other
economic issues increased sectionalism in the
North and South.
 Loyalty to one part of the county is called
sectionalism.
 As conflicts grew, more people cared about
their own section of the country than the
country as a whole.
 Slavery
grew with the demand of cotton.
 Tariffs
helped the growing number of
northern factories.
 The
North and the South argued over slavery,
tariffs, and states’ rights.
North
South
*abolished slavery
*allowed slavery
*industrial economy
*agricultural economy
*believed in strong
federal government
*believed in states’
rights
 Turn
to page 144-145 in your Social Studies
book.
 Read the two pages as a group and then
discuss the pages within your group.
 Be prepared to share.