Cellular Respiration - the process by
which cells get energy from the
breakdown of glucose in the presence
of oxygen

Takes place in the mitochondria
 External
Respiration - The process
of gas exchange between the
lungs and the environment.


Release carbon dioxide
Uptake of oxygen
C6H12O6 + 6O2
glucose + oxygen
6 CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP
carbon dioxide + water + energy
1. Where does the glucose come from?
Food
2. Where does the oxygen come from?
Breathing
3. What are the final products of cellular
respiration?
CO2, H2O, ATP
4. In which organelle does this take place in our
cells?
Mitochondria
Simple
Types of
Diffusion
respiratory
through
system:
Complex
Gills
Tracheal tubes
Book lungs
Lungs
skin/cells
Structures
of system:
Adaptation
to land or
Water
Water
Terrestrial, land
Terrestrial, land
land
water?
Examples
Terrestrial,
Sponges, corals,
Fish, crayfish,
jellyfish,
lobsters, crabs
planarian,
earthworm
Insects
Spiders
Mammals,
humans
 To
bring about the exchange of
oxygen and carbon dioxide
between the blood, the air, and
tissues.
 Diaphragm – Large, flat muscle at
the bottom of the chest cavity
that helps with breathing.
 Inhaling
(Breathing in)
 Diaphragm contracts (pushes
down) and the rib cage rises up.
 Exhaling (Breathing out)
 Passive event
 Diaphragm relaxes and the rib
cage lowers.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HiT621PrrO0
Nose (Nasal cavity)
Pharynx (Throat)
Larynx (Voice Box)
Trachea- (Windpipe)
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
Bronchi-Rt.—Lft.
Lungs-Rt.(3 lobes)—Lft.(2Lobes)
5.
6.
1.
2.
7.
Glottis
Epiglottis
Bronchioles
Alveoli-lined w/cappillaries=diffusion
Diaphragm
 Where


air enters and exits the body
Nose hairs – trap dust and unwanted particles
Nasal chamber – warms and moistens air before it
enters the respiratory system
 Air
moves through the nose
to a tube at the back of the
mouth called the pharynx,
or throat.
 Pharynx - Serves as a
passageway for both air and
food.
 Located
between the pharynx
and top of trachea.
 Contains two highly elastic
ligaments known as the vocal
cords.


When muscles pull the vocal
cords together, the air moving
between them causes the cords
to vibrate and produce sounds.
Your ability to speak, shout, and
sing comes from these tissues.

Air moves from the
pharynx into the trachea,
to the lungs. Opening of
trachea is called glottis.

A flap of tissue called the
epiglottis covers the
entrance to the trachea
(glottis) when you swallow


The glottis is covered by
epiglottis and prevents
choking.
Lined with cartilage rings, cilia
Cilia in the trachea.
 From
the larynx, air passes
through the trachea into two large
passageways in the chest cavity
called bronchi.

Each bronchus leads into one of the
lungs.
 The
large bronchus subdivides into
smaller bronchi, which lead to
even smaller passageways called
bronchioles.

Surrounded by smooth muscle
enabling the nervous system to
regulate the size of the air
passageways.
 The
bronchioles continue to
subdivide until they reach a
series of dead ends—millions
of tiny air sacs called alveoli.




Grouped in little clusters, like
bunches of grapes.
A delicate network of thinwalled capillaries surrounds
each alveolus.
This is where gas exchange
occurs because blood
(capillaries) and air are side by
side.
O2 is put into the blood and
C02 is removed from the blood
 Each
healthy lung contains
about 150 million alveoli !

Provides for an enormous surface area for gas exchange.
 Oxygen

Dissolves in the moisture on the inner surface of the
alveoli and then diffuses across the thin-walled
capillaries into the blood.
 Carbon

Dioxide in the Bloodstream
Diffuses in the opposite direction, across the membrane
of an alveolus and into the air within it.
 You
have some voluntary control
over breathing.
 The medulla oblongata in the
brain also monitors carbon
dioxide levels in the blood.


It forces you to breathe even if you
are trying to hold your breathe.
As the CO2 levels rise, nerve
impulses from the brain cause the
diaphragm to contract, bringing air
into the lungs.
Respiratory System
Levels of Organization
lung cell
alveoli
mouth, nose, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles,
diaphragm
respiratory
 After
food is
broken
down/digested,
what system do
the molecules
diffuse to?
 After
you take
a breath, in to
what system
does the
oxygen diffuse
to?
 The
upper respiratory tract
can usually filter out dust and
foreign particles that could
damage the lungs.
 Tobacco smoke contains
nicotine, carbon monoxide,
and tar all of which paralyze
the cilia. With no working
cilia these particles stick to
and enter the lungs.
 Smoking can cause chronic
bronchitis, emphysema, and
lung cancer.
 Destroys
alveoli and the damage is irreversible