 Democratic-Republican Party
 Fourth President of the United States (1809-1817)
http://millercenter.org/president/madison
 Lawyer
 Political theorist
 U.S. congressman
 Secretary of state under
Jefferson
 Rector at the University
of Virginia
 Schooled at home then
went to preparatory
school then to the
College of New Jersey at
Princeton
Vice Presidents
 George Clinton (1809-1812)
 Elbridge Gerry (1813-1814)
Secretaries of State
 Robert Smith (1809-1811)
 James Monroe (1811-1817)
Other Important Cabinet Members
 Secretary of War- James Monroe (1814-1815)
http://gardenofpraise.com/ibdmonro.htm
 Louisiana
April 30, 1812
http://www.epa.gov/radon/states/louisiana.html
 Indiana
December 11, 1816
http://www.destination360.com/north-america/us/indiana/map
James Madison- Democratic-Republican
party, 122 electoral votes
 Charles C. Pinckney- Federalist party, 47
electoral votes
 George Clinton- Democratic Republican
party, 6 electoral votes

Reasons Madison wonMadison had the assistance of Thomas
Jefferson to influence congressional
members to vote for him.
 Madison was elected because people
were protesting the consequences of the
Embargo Act which closed harbors to
English and French trade.

* Popular vote totals were not
retained until the election
of 1824.
http://www.historycentral.com/elections/1808Elec.html
 James Madison- Democratic-
Republican party, 128 electoral
votes
 DeWitt Clinton- Federalist party,
89 electoral votes

http://www.historycentral.com/elections/1808State.ht
ml
Reasons Madison won Strong Naval victories at the beginning
of the War of 1812 put confidence in
people that Madison would be a strong
war-time President
 Madison’s ideas of the War influenced
people to keep him instead of Federalist
DeWitt Clinton which led to Madison’s
election and the fall of the Federalist
party
*Popular vote totals were not
retained until the election
of 1824.
 Madison received 122 electoral votes to become the President of the
United States in the 1808 election
 Took Office in 1809 and held Office until 1817
 Was in Office during the War of 1812
http://www.poorwilliam.net/al-031609.html
http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/26132/election_of_1808_madison_defeats_the.html?cat=37
http://millercenter.org/president/madison
http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/26147/election_of_1812_referendum_on_mr_madisons.html?cat=37
Main Issue- Is a law that negates all property rights established under an earlier law unconstitutional?
Peck sold 15,00 acres of land to Fletcher for $3,000 and in the contract based off of a statute of 1796,
Peck stated that the land was still rightfully his even though it was bought by Fletcher.
Overall Significance- A law that negates all property rights established under an earlier law is
unconstitutional for violating the Contract Clause (Article I, Section 10) of the United States
Constitution. This means that the contract signed for the land was a binding contract and the law
had no effect on the land. It also stated that, under the Contract Clause, no state shall grant any title
of nobility to anyone. This shows that once Fletcher bought the land from Peck, it was rightfully his.
Future Significance- States were allowed to pass legislation to affect contracts, but not to abrogate them.
http://www.lawnix.com/cases/fletcher-peck.html
http://ebookstore.sony.com/ebook/john-marshall/fletcher-v-peck-10-u-s-87/_/R-400000000000000109612
Main Idea- The bill was created to lift all restrictions on trade with Great Britain
and France following the Embargo Act of 1807 and the Non-Intercourse act of
1809.
Provision- If either Nation ended its restrictions against U.S. commerce before
March 3, 1811, the President could authorize the resumption of Non-Intercourse
against the Nation that refused to change its policy within three months of the
first country’s declaration to end its restrictions against American shipping
Overall Significance- Napoleon allowed ships into French harbors which gave
Britain the choice to allow U.S. ships or re-enter Non-Intercourse with the
United States. After three months, the British went into Non-Intercourse
because of Parliaments inability to renounce the Orders that didn’t allow U.S.
ships into British harbors.
Future Significance- Tensions grew between Great Britain and the United States.
This led to the War of 1812.
http://what-when-how.com/the-american-economy/macons-bill-no-2-1810/
The attempt by the Indians of the Old Northwest to stop the sale of land to the west and to
also to resist alcohol and other temptations of the White culture.
Overall Significance- The Americans made the Indians flee their village and made life in
that area much better for whites. It didn’t stop the Americans from moving westward.
Future Significance- The leader of the Indians, Tecumseh, came back during the War of 1812
to ally the British.
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1017.html
http://www.legendsofamerica.com/na-indianwarcampaigns.html
This was a major project because it was the First real road connecting the East with the West
at that time. The citizens of the United States needed a safe way to move to the west so
they would not encounter troubles with either Indians or destroyed paths by the wagons.
Significance- The road was reliable and many thousands of settlers used it to begin their
journey out west. Even though the use of Railroads soon took advantage over the use of
road, the Cumberland road still remained and soon became parts of Highways that are
still used today. It was the inspiration for many of the roads that were built soon after in
the U.S.
http://history1800s.about.com/od/transportation/a/nationalroad.htm
http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~ilfayett/nationalroad/nationalroad.html
On March 3rd, the First National Bank’s charter expired and was not renewed.
People believed that the bank was majorly owned by foreigners and they
also thought it was only a tool to give money to the Government.
From 1811 to 1816, there was no National Bank and only because of the War of
1812 was the Second National Bank created.
http://eh.net/encyclopedia/article/cowen.banking.first_bank.us
http://archiseek.com/2009/1797-first-national-bank-philadelphia-pennsylvania/
18th State of the United States of America
http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/college_guide/blog/eating_the_cake.php
This was the start to what people
call the second war for
independence. Following high
tensions from the British
because of Macon’s Bill No. 2,
the British and Americans were
officially at war when James
Madison signed the Declaration
of War on June 18, 1812. This was
a war that lasted 3 years and
Finally told Britain that America
could be its own individual
country.
http://www.gatewayno.com/history/war1812.html
http://nicholelouise.tripod.com/
Madison received 128 electoral votes in the Election of 1812 which gave
him Office for four more years.
He received many votes because people saw him as a competent leader
who could lead the Americans past the British in the War of 1812.
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h514.html
http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/jamesmadison
August 24, 1814 the British marched into Washington after the Battle of
Bladensburg in Maryland. The British soon began to set the entire city
on fire to intimidate the United States.
President Madison returned to the City and vowed to have it rebuilt. The
White House was completely reconstructed in 1817.
This is an example of leaders of the United States never giving up even
though things are very bad at times.
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/british-capture-and-burn-washington
http://ushistorygirl.blogspot.com/2009/08/burning-down-house.html
Through the rain of September 12-13, the British advanced up the
Chesapeake Bay and attempted to enter the Baltimore Harbor.
Through the two days, the British bombarded the fort and vice-versa.
On the 13th, after a 25 hour bombardment, the sight of the American Flag
convinced the British commander that the harbor couldn’t be
breached.
The victory at Fort McHenry gave new pride to Americans after the
burning of Washington D.C.
Francis Scott Key wrote a poem from a British ship that is now the
National Anthem of the United States of America
http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/warof1812/p/ftmchenry.htm
This was the gathering of New England representatives to try and make
changes to the federal Constitution.
Proposed Changes requiring a two-thirds vote of Congress to declare war or admit a
new state
 limiting the president to one term
 apportioning taxes and representatives according to population
 and prohibiting any state from providing two successive
presidents
These actions never took consideration because the victory of New
Orleans and the Treaty of Ghent.
This led to other meetings of people to discuss the laws of the United
States and how they could be revised.
http://www.ctheritage.org/encyclopedia/ct1763_1818/hartconv.htm
The Treaty was to mainly restore pre-war conditions.
Provisions
 Called for the end of hostilities
 Required that conquered territory and prisoners be returned
 Appointed a commission to study lingering boundary issues
between the United States and Canada.
Significance- The treaty stopped the war but according to John Quincy
Adams, “Nothing was adjusted, nothing was settled”.
There were no more conflicts (war or fighting) between the U.S. and
Britain and they later became allies.
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h510.html
The battle was the final major battle of the war even though the Treaty of
Ghent had been signed before the battle. Andrew Jackson led
American troops to stop the British for advancing up the Mississippi
River. The first main stop to try and take control would be New
Orleans and the U.S. had to stop the British to ensure an American
Victory in the war.
Significance- The Americans had 8 killed and 13 wounded to the British
who had over 2,000 killed. The Americans won the battle and after
that, fighting of the War of 1812 stopped.
Future- The British never entered another war with the United States over
the land of the United States and in the 1900’s they became allies.
http://www.gatewayno.com/history/war1812.html
Imports-Woolen and cotton cloth, Sugar, and Coffee
Exports- Cotton
http://lovingthebigisland.wordpress.com/2009/04/25/the-sugar-industry-in-hawaii-kona-sugar-company-and-westhawai%E2%80%99i-railway-company/eferal-sugar-cane/
http://naturallyadvanced.wordpress.com/tag/organic-cotton/
This was put up to make the British made goods not as cheap
as the New England goods so that people would still buy
the American made goods.
This was the first true protectionist measure of the United
States.
In 1824 another act required a protectionist measure, and
because of the knowledge of how the Tariff of 1816 worked,
they could create stronger protectionist measures against
problems.
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h973.html
The bank was created because of the
debt from the War of 1812. The
charter for the bank lasted 20
years, same as the first one.
In 1819, the Supreme Court case of
McCulloch v. Maryland ruled that
the Federal Government had the
right to make the Second Bank of
the United States and also that
states couldn’t tax the operation of
the national Bank.
During Andrew Jackson’s term as
President, he wanted State banks
instead of a national bank so once
the 20 year charter was gone, the
Second Bank of the U.S. went
away.
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h256.html
http://www.sjsapush.com/ch10.php
The first African American Church in the United States. The
former slaves in the Philadelphia area wanted to set up a
new church because of discrimination in other churches.
Richard Allen was the leader of the new church and was
the mind for the entire project.
This was the beginning of people changing things themselves
because of discrimination in the States. Freedom of
religion was the main focus. Richard Allen became the
first Bishop of the AME Church. This led to people of all
races being in charge of religious ideas.
http://www.pghclo.org/churchhistory.htm
The society was organized to transport free Africans back to Africa so that White Americans
would not have to worry about them in America.
Slavery in the South soon increased because the freed Africans were leaving so the White
people could own more slaves to work more land.
African Americans didn’t want to leave their native lands to go to the coasts of Africa
About 11,000 Blacks were transported to Liberia up to 1860 and from then to 1912, the society
was just more of a trustee for Liberia.
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/American+Colonization+Society
http://www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/assistance/mcamonitor/threshold/_liberia
Positive
Negative
 James Madison was in many
 The founders of our nation were
ways a genius for the cause of a
binding central government.
-Jonathan Weiss
http://jonjacobweiss.blogspot.com/2011/08/impor
tance-of-federalism-james-madisons.html
 In fact, the best “educational
program” comes from James
Madison. -Gen LaGreca &
Marsha Enright
http://georgereismansblog.blogspot.com/2011/09/j
ames-madison-was-right-about-property.html
nearly all Infidels. -Reverend
Doctor Bird Wilson
http://www.positiveatheism.org/hist/quotes/madi
son.htm
 I will now add what I do not like.
First the omission of a bill of
rights providing clearly &
without the aid of sophisms.
–Thomas Jefferson
http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/index.
asp?document=306
 He was the first President with prior service as a
congressman
 He was under fire during the War of 1812 (During
Presidency)
 First President to wear long trousers
 Drafted the Constitution
 Created the Second National Bank
http://www.potus.com/jmadison.html
http://millercenter.org/president/madison/essays/biogr
aphy/9