Warm Up – 3/6/2012
To be completed at the top of page 49
of INB.
Write the question and answer it on
page 49
How many times a day do you think
blood makes a trip through your body?
Why did you answer the way you did?
Functions of Our Blood
• Substance Distribution
• Regulation of blood
particular substances
• Body protection
levels
of
Blood Functions: Distribution
Blood transports
• Oxygen from the lungs and nutrients from the
digestive tract
• Metabolic wastes from cells to the lungs and
kidneys for elimination
• Hormones from endocrine glands to target
organs
Blood Functions: Regulation
Blood maintains
• Appropriate body temperature by absorbing
and distributing heat to other parts of the body
• Normal pH in body tissues using buffer
systems
• Adequate fluid volume in the circulatory
system
Blood Functions: Protection
• Blood prevents blood loss by
– Activating plasma proteins and platelets
– Initiating clot formation when a vessel is broken
• Blood prevents infection by
– Synthesizing and utilizing antibodies
– Activating complement proteins
– Activating WBCs (white blood cells) to defend the
body against foreign invaders
What makes up our blood?
• RED BLOOD CELLS
• WHITE BLOOD CELLS
• PLASMA
• PLATELETS
What makes up our blood?
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RED BLOOD CELLS
Also called Erythrocytes
The most abundant cells in our blood
Produced in the bone marrow
Contain a protein called hemoglobin that carries
oxygen to our cells.
Without RBC your body couldn’t use oxygen
Do not contain a nuclei therefore, they cannot
reproduce themselves
Have a life span of only 120 days.
What makes up our blood?
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WHITE BLOOD CELLS
Also called Leukocytes
Part of the immune system
Destroys infectious agents called pathogens
Made in the bone marrow
When bacteria enter the body, some of the WBCs near the site
notify the others for help. Many cells travel to the site to fight
the bacteria or disease
Much bigger than RBCs
Contain a nuclei and can reproduce themselves
Life span is months or years
What makes up our blood?
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PLASMA
This is the yellowish liquid portion of blood
Contains electrolytes, nutrients and vitamins,
hormones, clotting factors, and proteins such as
antibodies to fight infection and carries them to cells.
Made of mostly water
3 main groups of plasma protein
– One regulates how much water there is in the
blood
– Another helps fight diseases
– The last one works with platelets, helping blood to
clot
What makes up our blood?
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PLATELETS
Also called Thrombocytes
Looks like fiber
The clotting factors that are carried in the plasma
They clot together in a process called coagulation to
seal a wound and prevent a loss of blood
When a wound or cut occurs, platelets surround the
area and release a substance called fibrin.
Fibrin produces fibers that act like a net to stop blood
loss
Blood Facts
The average adult has about FIVE liters of blood inside of
their body, which makes up 7-8% of their body weight.
Blood is living tissue that carries oxygen and nutrients to
all parts of the body, and carries carbon dioxide and other
waste products back to the lungs, kidneys and liver for
disposal. It is the only fluid tissue. Blood also fights
against infection and helps heal wounds, so we can stay
healthy.
There are about one billion red blood cells in two to three
drops of blood. For every 600 red blood cells, there are
about 40 platelets and one white cell.
http://www.bloodbankofalaska.org/about_blood/index.html
Genetics of Blood Types
• Your blood type is established before you are BORN,
by specific GENES inherited from your parents.
Blood type is genetic.
• You inherit one gene from your MOTHER and one
from your FATHER.
• These genes determine your blood type by causing
proteins called AGGLUTINOGENS to exist on the
surface of all of your red blood cells.
What are blood types?
• There are four major blood types: A, B,
AB, and O.
• Markers are proteins on RBCs that
arrange in different orders for specific
types.
• This arrangement is used to identify your
blood type
• The arrangement is important to know
when a person needs a blood
transfusion.
What are blood types?
Blood Types
There are 3 alleles or genes for blood
type: A, B, & O. Since we have 2 genes,
there are 6 possible combinations.
AA or AO = Type A
BB or BO = Type B
OO = Type O
AB = Type AB
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/basics/blood/types.cfm
How common is your blood type?
46.1%
38.8%
11.1%
3.9%
Blood Transfusions
A blood transfusion is a procedure in which blood is given to a patient through an
intravenous (IV) line in one of the blood vessels. Blood transfusions are done to replace
blood lost during surgery or a serious injury. A transfusion also may be done if a person’s
body can't make blood properly because of an illness.
To have a safe transfusion, blood must be properly cared for in a hospital or blood bank, be
properly administered and be the correct type.
Universal Donor
Who can give you blood?
People with TYPE O blood are called
Universal Donors, because they can give
blood to any blood type.
People with TYPE AB blood are called
Universal Recipients, because they can
receive any blood type.
Rh +  Can receive + or Rh -  Can only receive -
Universal Recipient
Blood Transfusions
In other words….
A can only mix with A and O
B can only mix with B and O
AB can mix with A, B, and O
O can only receive O
Rh Factors
• Scientists sometimes study Rhesus monkeys
to learn more about the human anatomy
because there are certain similarities between
the two species. While studying Rhesus
monkeys, a certain blood protein was
discovered. This protein is also present in the
blood of some people. Other people, however,
do not have the protein.
• The presence of the protein, or lack of it, is
referred to as the Rh (for Rhesus) factor.
• If your blood does contain the protein, your
blood is said to be Rh positive (Rh+). If your
blood does not contain the protein, your blood
is said to be Rh negative (Rh-).
http://www.fi.edu/biosci/blood/rh.html
A+ AB+ BAB+ ABO+ O-
Blood Evidence
• Blood samples – Can be analyzed to determine blood
type and DNA, which can be matched to possible
suspects.
• Blood droplets – Can be analyzed to give clues to the
location of a crime, movement of a victim, and type of
weapon.
• Blood spatter – Can be analyzed to determine
patterns that give investigators clues to how a crime
might have happened.
Microscopic
Views
Fish Blood
Bird Blood
Horse Blood
Frog Blood
Cat Blood
Dog Blood
Human Blood
Snake Blood
Common Blood Diseases
Sickle Cell Anemia
• Occurs when RBCs are in the shape of a
sickle or a crescent
• Due to shape, RBCs are not flexible and
don’t travel to all parts of the body well
• Cells then become oxygen deprived
• People become very tired, short of breath
and sick
• Inherited disease
Common Blood Diseases
Hemophilia
• Affects the blood clotting process
• Manifests itself in a breakdown in the
organization of blood clotting
Common Blood Diseases
Leukemia
• Form of cancer that involves WBCs and
bone marrow.
• Causes an abnormal amount of WBCs to be
produced
• Cells take the space needed for normal
RBC growth to occur
• Abnormal blood production can be fatal
overtime
Common Blood Diseases
Homework
Complete on page 48 of your INB
Create a diagram, song, poem, or
other memory device to help
remember the components and
functions of blood.