North
South
The Union Plan:
The Anaconda Plan
1)Blockade the coast
2)Cut the South in two
at the Mississippi
3)Attack from both the
east and West
The Confederate Plan:
1) Hope the North gets
tired and gives up
2) Hope that Great Britain
helps out because they
wanted cotton
3) Goal: to be recognized
as an independent
nation in order to
preserve their way of
life
July 16 – 22, 1861
First official battle
Confederate Victory
~ 2,000 CSA deaths
~ 3,000 USA deaths
September 17, 1862
No clear winner
Britain decides to back out
~ 1,546 CSA deaths
~ 2,108 USA deaths
Battle of Antietam: What's in a
name?
The Battle of Sharpsburg or the Battle
of Antietam? Many battles fought during
the American Civil War are referred to
by different names. The reason for this
is that the Confederate Army named
battles after nearby towns, farms or
even railroad junctions, this example is
Sharpsburg. The Union Army often
named battles after close natural
resources like rivers or creeks, as in
Antietam Creek.
July 1 – 3, 1863
Atlanta Campaign May to September 1864
March to the Sea – TOTAL WAR
From November 15 until December 21, 1864,
Union General William T. Sherman led some
60,000 soldiers on a 285-mile march from Atlanta
to Savannah, Georgia. The purpose of this
“March to the Sea” was to frighten Georgia’s
civilian population into abandoning the
Confederate cause. Sherman’s soldiers did not
destroy any of the towns in their path, but they
stole food and livestock and burned the houses
and barns of people who tried to fight back. The
Yankees were “not only fighting hostile armies,
but a hostile people,” Sherman explained; as a
result, they needed to “make old and young, rich
and poor, feel the hard hand of war.”
"I beg to present you as a Christmas gift the City
of Savannah, with one hundred and fifty guns
and plenty of ammunition, also about twenty-five
thousand bales of cotton."
The Emancipation Proclamation
It was an executive order that freed slaves in the Confederate states and permitted their
service in the Union Army and Navy. This helped the North win the Civil War.
On September 22, 1862 President Abraham Lincoln wrote the Emancipation
Proclamation. He wrote:
"That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred
and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves... shall be then, thenceforward, and forever
free.”
Confederate States did not obey this –
because Lincoln was not the president of their country.
Gettysburg Address
The Gettysburg National Cemetery was dedicated by President Abraham Lincoln a brief four months after the Battle. Lincoln's
speech lasted only two minutes, but it went into history as the immortal Gettysburg Address.
"Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation: conceived in liberty, and
dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war. . .testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated. . .
can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war.
We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that
nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate. . .we cannot consecrate. . . we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men,
living and dead, who struggled here have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little
note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to
be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.
It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us. . .that from these honored dead we take
increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion. . . that we here highly resolve
that these dead shall not have died in vain. . . that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom. . . and that
government of the people. . .by the people. . .for the people. . . shall not perish from the earth. "
Surrender at
Appomattox
General Grant and the Union Army had the Confederates surrounded. The Confederates
were low on supplies, many soldiers were deserting, and they were greatly outnumbered.
Upon looking at the conditions and the odds, General Lee felt he had no choice but to
surrender.
The two Generals, Lee and Grant, met on April 9, 1865 to discuss the surrender of Lee's army. General Grant
came and met Lee at the McLean house in Appomattox.
Confederate soldiers would have to turn in their rifles, but they could return home immediately and keep their
horses or mules. They were also given food as many of them were very hungry.
Effects of the war