What are minerals?
If the word "mineral" makes you think of rocks,
you're right! Minerals are substances like
calcium, phosphorus, iron, and zinc that are
found in rocks and the soil. They also are
needed for optimal nutrition. There are 16
different minerals that are known to be needed
in our diets. Several other minerals may be
needed in very small amounts.
TYPES OF MINERALS...
• MACRO-MINERALS:
more quantity
• MICRO-MINERALS: LESS
QUANTITY
TYPESMINERALS
OF MINERALS...MICRO- MINERALS
MACRO
Sodium
Iron
Potassium
Zinc
Chloride
Iodide
Calcium
Selenium
Phosphorus
Copper
Magnesium
Fluoride
Sulfur
Chromium
Manganese
SOURCES OF MINERALS
MINERALS
SOURCES
IRON
red meat, raisins, spinach, beans & eggs
IODINE
iodized salt, seafood, etc.
CALCIUM
dairy products, egg, green leafy
vegetables, etc.
PHOSPHORUS
cheese, meat, cereal, etc.
FUNCTIONS,
IMPORTANCE,
DEFICIENCY &
EXCESS...
CALCIUM- MACROMINERAL
• Important for healthy bones and
teeth; helps muscles relax and
contract; important in nerve
functioning, blood clotting, blood
pressure regulation, immune system
health
• Deficiency- weak bones and teeth
• Excess- renal insufficiency, increased
calcium excretion in urine and
kidney stones
PHOSPHOROUS- MACROMINERAL
• Important for healthy bones and
teeth; found in every cell; part of the
system that maintains acid-base
balance
• DEFICIENCY- painful bones and
breathlessness
• Excess- interferes with calcium
absorption, leads to removal of
calcium from the bones leading to
weak bones, increased risk of heart
diseases.
IRON- MICROMINERAL
• Part of a molecule
hemoglobin found in red
blood cells that carries
oxygen in the body; needed
for energy metabolism
• Deficiency- Anemia
• Excess –can cause premature
aging, cancer, osteoporosis,
arthritis, diabetes, liver
damage, heart disease and
brain disorders
IODINE- MICROMINERAL
• Found in thyroid hormone,
which helps regulate growth,
development, and metabolism
• DEFICIENCY –GOITRE
• Excess- can lead to burning of
the mouth, throat, and
stomach; fever; abdominal
pain; nausea; vomiting;
diarrhea; weak pulse; and
coma
FACTORS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Age
Occupation
Season
Likes/Dislikes
Gender
Economic condition of the
family
NUTRITIVE VALUE
• The maximum amount of iron
you should consume is 45 mg.
Consuming more than 2,500 mg
of calcium per day might lead to
kidney dysfunction, kidney
stones and problems with soft
tissues.
• Toxicity of zinc occurs when you
have more than 40 mg per day.
NUTRITIVE VALUE
• The table below shows the nutritive values of
all the mineralsMINERALS
Potassium
Chlorine
Sodium
Calcium
Phosphorus
Magnesium
Manganese
Copper
NUTRITIVE VALUES
4700mg
2300mg
1500mg
1300mg
700mg
420mg
2.3mg
0.9mg
Effects on cooking
• Heating does not affect mineral levels.
• Though minerals are not lost due to heat, but
are usually removed if cooked in boiling water,
• Steaming is probably the best cooking method
with respect to mineral loss.
QUESTION BANK!
QUESTIONS…
Q1. What are minerals?
ANS: Minerals are substances like calcium & iron that
are found in rocks and the soil. They are needed
for optimal nutrition. Plants take in minerals with
water. When these plants are eaten by animals,
minerals are transferred too. We need these
minerals in our diet, as they are very important.
QUESTIONS…
Q2. What are the 2 types of minerals? Give 2 e.g. for
each.
Ans: The 2 types of minerals are: micro minerals and
macro minerals. E.g. of micro mineral are; iron &
iodine and that of macro minerals are; potassium
& calcium.
QUESTIONS…
Q3. Match the following:
MINERALS
SOURCES
IRON
IODINE
CALCIUM
PHOSPHORUS
iodized salt, seafood, etc.
red meat, raisins, spinach, beans & eggs
cheese, meat, cereal, etc.
dairy products, egg, green leafy
vegetables, etc.
QUESTIONS…
Q4. Explain any 2 deficiency diseases due to
minerals.
Ans: the 2 deficiency diseases are:
Anemia: less amount of iron present and
Goitre: less amount of iodine present.
Q5. Find out 4 deficiency diseases.
I
ON DO
I
Z
V
B
N
I
OF
F
M
R
HI
I
J
KI
KL
I
A
A
B
W
E
A
K
B
O
N
E
I
RO MA
G
N
NE
H
E
U
X
G
O
I
T
R
E
M
H
F
IN
Z
X
D
BN
K
I
MK
LI
N
O
L
P
H
I
A
V
X
ZI
N
T
P
A
IN
F
U
L
B
O
N
E
QUESTIONS…
Q6. ________is probably the best cooking method
with respect to mineral loss.
ANS: STEAMING
Q7. Red meat, raisins, spinach, beans & eggs are
examples of ________.
ANS: IRON
Q8. Calcium and _______ are e.g. of macro mineral.
ANS: PHOSPHORUS
Q9. The 2 factors of minerals are______ & ________.
ANS: AGE, SEASON
DONE BY: MANMITHA, MANSI & NIRALI...