Every Government generally consists of Three
organs. Such organs are Legislature, Executive and
Judiciary. The Legislative wing of the union government
is known as PARLIAMENT. Article 79 of the Indian
Constitution States that there shall be a PARLIAMENT
which consists of Indian President. Plus the house of
people (LOKASABHA) and the council of
States(RAZYASABHA) Indian PARLIAMENT is Bicameral in
nature.
The Lower house and the First Chamber
of the Union – PARLIAMENT is LOKASABHA. The members
of LOKASABHA are directly elected by the people. The
present membership of the LOKASABHA is 547. Out of
this 520 members were elected from the Union
territories and the rest 2 members were nominated from
the Anglo-Indian communities. Each State and Union
territory is allotted certain seats for this purpose. The
Constitution amendment of 1989 has reduced the voting
age of the votes from 21 to 18 years. The normal life
of the LOKASABHA is Five years from the feature of its
first meeting But incase of National emergency, Its term
may be extended to Six years. But not beyond Six
months after the emergency has seated to operate.
The LOKASABHA may be dissolved
earlier by the president of Indian, If the situation permits.
The Constitution prescribes certain qualifications for the
members of LOKASABHA , Such qualifications are :->
He must be a citizens of India.
He must be above 25 years age.
He must not be an undischarged insolvent.
He must not old any office of profit under any
Government.
He must not be of unsound mind.
He should not have been convicted by a court of law
for any offence.
He must passes such other qualifications as prescribed
by the PARLIAMENT under the peoples representation act
of 1950-51.
The Presiding officer of the LOKASABHA is
Speaker . The Deputy Presiding Officer of the LOKASABHA
is known as Deputy Speaker. The Quorum of the house is
1/10th of the total members of the house. A member can
loose his membership , if he/she remain absent 60days
continuously, The Speaker has the “Casting Vote” incase of
a tie.
The Upper house of the Union PARLINENT
is known as the Council of States or “RAJYASABHA” . The
RAJYASABHA consists of 250 members, out of that 12
members are nominated by the President from among
persons who have distinguished themselves in the field of
Arts, Science, Literature, Social Science and 238 members are
elected from the States. The RAJYASABHA is a permanent
house but its member are elected for term of Six years in
accordance with the system of proportional representation
by means of single transferable vote by the Legislative
Assembly of the States. One third of its members are
retire in every 2nd year. The Vice-President is the Chairman
of the house.
However, the RAJYASABHA elects a Deputy Chairman
from among its members, like LOKASABHA its Quorum is
1/10th of its total members, to become the members of
the house a particular person must possesses the
following qualifications. Such qualifications are :He must be a citizen of India.
He must have attained the age of 30 years.
He must not be an undischarged insolvent.
He should not hold any office of profit under any
Government.
He must not be a member of the LOKASABHA or any
State Legislature.
He should not have been convicted by a court of law
for any offence.
He must possesses such other Qualification as
prescribed under the peoples representation act of 195051.
parliament as the supreme legislative organ of the state,
Generally performs the following important functions such as Law making power -> The parliament of India it has the power
to Make law over union list , state list and concurrent list
under conation cuncumstances parliament generally makes
law oven state list such cincumstances are –
• Under Article 249 of the Indian constitution if 2/3rd
majonity of Rajyasabha pass a resolution an national interest
then the union parliament can legistate any matter included
the statelist.
(2)During declaration of national emergency and presidence rule
in a state, the parliament also makes law over state list.
(3)If two or more states jointly passes resolutions in state
legislature and request the center to make law for them.
(4)For implementation of international law over state list.
Incase of disagreement between two houses of
union parliament the constitution supparts the provision of
joint session of parliament in this session the opinion of
lokasabhu prevails oven Rajyasabha.
Control over the executive -> In a parliament system the executive is
always responsible to the legislature under article 75 of the Indian
constitution the council of ministers collectivly remain responsible to the
parliament, particularly to the LOKASABHA for its act of commission and
omission the members of parliament generaly control the works of council of
ministers by different methods. It has power to pass the vote of no
confidence motion against the council of ministers. If the council of ministers
are defeated in the LOKASABHA then the whole council of ministers have to
resign the parliament also has power to control the executive by the process
of cut motion. Adjournment motion and vote of censure. The members of the
house can put questions to various ministers regarding their department.
Control over finance -> In parliamentary system legislature are
exercises control over finance. It generaly passes the annual Budget and
supply has power to impose taxes upon the general people. Its committees
like estimate committees and public accounts committees also control the
finance of the nation.
Electoral Function -> In India parliament also exercises certain electoral
functions. The members of both houses of union parliament generaly elect
the president and the vice-president of India. The members of LOKASABHA
has the power to elect the speaker and the deputy speaker. The members of
RAJYASABHA also elect the deputy chairman.
Judicial functions - > The parliament of India also possesses certain
Judicial functions. It can initiate impeachment motion against important
authorities of the state. Among them president , chief Justice and Judges of
both supreme courts and high courts , chief election commissions And
chairman of union public service commission are included. The parliament
also start breach of privilege motion against any person or any editor of
newspapers if such person or editor vow let the fundamental rules of the
house.
Constituent functions - > Both houses of union parliament participate in
the commandment of the constitution some amendment bill require simple
majority whole some require a special majority. Beside some require
ratification by half of the states. This has been explained in article 368 of the
Indian constitution.
Ventilation of public - > The parliament is the mirror of the state. The
public opinion of the nation are reflected in the house always by the
members. It solves different problem of the people. It can check the
activities of the government official. So as a whole parliament represents the
public opinion.
In the present period due to rigid party discipline and cabinet
dictatorship, the role of parliament decreased, but still then it act as a real
wheel of nations economic progress.
Mrs. MANJUBALA NAYAK
(M.A (B.E.D))
GADADHAR HIGH SCHOOL
LOKANATH ROAD
POST – PURI
DIST – PURI
PHONE – 06752 (230240)