The Protestant Reformation 1500-1600 Long-Term Causes The Renaissance • People began to question the Church • Printing Press – More books printed – Books printed in the vernacular – Ideas spread faster – The Gutenberg Bible printed in German, so people can read and interpret it themselves Long-term Causes Problems in the Church • Nepotism: Church positions given to family members • Rising taxes and fees for marriages and baptisms • People believe the Church is too wealthy Long-Term Causes Strong Monarchs • Some kings, queens, and princes support the Reformation because they want to have more power than the Church officials Short-term Causes Martin Luther • German monk • Wrote “The Ninety-Five Thesis” (1517) – Objected to the sale of indulgences – Was excommunicated by the Pope Fun Facts! Married Katherine von Bora Short-term Causes Desiderius Erasmus • Renaissance writer Major objection with the Church Christianity Should be simple Without rituals Impact on the Reformation Wrote the book Praise of Folly to help spread ideas Short-term Effects New Denominations Short-term Effects New Denominations • What was the name of the Protestant branch based on the ideas of Martin Luther? Short-term Effects Martin Luther • Lutheran Church = based on the ideas of Luther Short-term Effects New Denominations: John Calvin • What was the name of the new Protestant branch based on the ideas of John Calvin? Short-term Effects New Denominations: John Calvin • Calvinism – Predestination – The Elect – Salvation based on faith According to the cartoon, what is a major belief of John Calvin? Short-term Effects New Denominations: John Calvin • Calvinism = based on ideas of John Cavlin Short-term Effects John Calvin • French priest Major objection with the Church Christianity Should be simple without rituals Believed in predestination Impact on the Reformation Ideas led to Calvinism Short-term Effects New Denominations • What was the name of the Protestant church in England that was created by Henry VIII? Short-term Effects New Denominations: Anglican Church • Henry VIII – Broke from the Catholic Church to gain power – Formed the Anglican Church Fun Facts! Henry VIII had SIX wives in an effort to have a son as an heir to the throne! Fun Fact! Three blind mice, three blind Mary Mary quite mice, See how theycontrary, run, see ahow Nursery Rhymes were How grow? they does run, your They garden all ran after the popular form of protest With silver bells andcut cockle shells farmer's wife, Who off their tails against monarchs Andapretty maids allDid in ayou row.ever with carving knife, see such a thing in your life, As three blind mice? Short-term Effects Holy Roman Empire • Break-up of the Holy Roman Empire Short-term Effects Holy Roman Empire • Religious unity in Europe ended • Wars between Catholic and Protestant countries began Long-term Effects Catholic Reformation • RCC feared losing members and power • Pope Paul III (1534-1549) – Investigation of abuses – Banned the sale of indulgences Short-term Effects Catholic Reformation • Ignatius Loyola – Jesuits – Encouraged schools, evangelism, and missionaries Long-term Effects QUESTIONING SPIRIT • Questioning spirit continues – People question other areas of Church belief, science, and government