Developing Leadership
Diversity
1
Ethnocentrism
The belief that one’s own
culture and subculture are
inherently superior to other
cultures
2
Biculturalism
The sociocultural skills
and attitudes used by
racial minorities as they
move back and forth
between the dominant
culture and their own
ethnic or racial culture
3
Glass Ceiling
An invisible barrier that
separates women and minorities
from top leadership positions
4
Interactive Leadership
A leadership style in which people
develop personal relationships with
followers, share power and
information, empower employees,
and strive to enhance others’ feelings
of self-worth
5
Diversity
Workforce Diversity
– A workforce made up of people with different human
qualities or who belong to various cultural groups
Diversity
– Differences among people in terms of age, ethnicity,
gender, race, or other dimensions
6
Top Ten Diversity Practices
1) Top Management’s personal involvement
7
Top Ten Diversity Practices
1) Top Management’s personal involvement
2) Targeted recruitment
8
Top Ten Diversity Practices
1) Top Management’s personal involvement
2) Targeted recruitment
3) Internal advocacy groups
9
Top Ten Diversity Practices
1)
2)
3)
4)
Top Management’s personal involvement
Targeted recruitment
Internal advocacy groups
Emphasis on Equal Employment Opportunity
10
Top Ten Diversity Practices
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Top Management’s personal involvement
Targeted recruitment
Internal advocacy groups
Emphasis on Equal Employment Opportunity
Inclusion of diversity in performance evaluations
11
Top Ten Diversity Practices
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Top Management’s personal involvement
Targeted recruitment
Internal advocacy groups
Emphasis on Equal Employment Opportunity
Inclusion of diversity in performance evaluations
Inclusion of diversity in promotional decisions
12
Top Ten Diversity Practices
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
Top Management’s personal involvement
Targeted recruitment
Internal advocacy groups
Emphasis on Equal Employment Opportunity
Inclusion of diversity in performance evaluations
Inclusion of diversity in promotional decisions
Inclusion of diversity in management succession
13
Top Ten Diversity Practices
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
Top Management’s personal involvement
Targeted recruitment
Internal advocacy groups
Emphasis on Equal Employment Opportunity
Inclusion of diversity in performance evaluations
Inclusion of diversity in promotional decisions
Inclusion of diversity in management succession
Diversity in training
14
Top Ten Diversity Practices
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
Top Management’s personal involvement
Targeted recruitment
Internal advocacy groups
Emphasis on Equal Employment Opportunity
Inclusion of diversity in performance evaluations
Inclusion of diversity in promotional decisions
Inclusion of diversity in management succession
Diversity in training
Networks and support groups
15
Top Ten Diversity Practices
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
Top Management’s personal involvement
Targeted recruitment
Internal advocacy groups
Emphasis on Equal Employment Opportunity
Inclusion of diversity in performance evaluations
Inclusion of diversity in promotional decisions
Inclusion of diversity in management succession
Diversity in training
Networks and support groups
Work and family policies that support diversity
16
Global Diversity
Cultural Diversity
• Hispanic, African, and Asian
• 35% of U.S. workforce
• Women comprising over 52%
of U.S. workforce
• Women comprise over 50% of
college graduats
• 2/3 Global migration is to the
U.S
17
Research Shows there are five
competencies needed by crosscultural leaders:
1) Understanding business, political, and
cultural environment worldwide
2) Knowing the tastes, trends, and
technologies of other cultures
3) Working simultaneously with people from
many different countries
4) Adapting to living and traveling in foreign
lands
5) Learning to relate to the people from other
cultures on the bases of equality and
mutual respect
18
Cultural Diversity
Protocol Do’s and Don’ts
See Page 283
19
Cultural Diversity
Diversity Wheel
See Page 291
20
Social Value Systems
Power Distance
– How much people accept equality in power; high power distance
reflects an acceptance of power inequality among institutions,
organizations, and individuals. Low power distance means
people expect equality in power
Uncertainty Avoidance
– The degree to which members of a society feel uncomfortable
with uncertainty and ambiguity and thus support beliefs and
behaviors that promise certainty and conformity
Individualism
– A value for a loosely knit social framework in which individuals
are expected to take care of themselves
21
Social Value Systems (contd.)
Collectivism
– A preference for a tightly knit social framework in which people
look out for one another and organizations protect their
members’ interests
Masculinity
– A preference for achievement, heroism, assertiveness, work
centrality, and material success
Femininity
– A preference for relationships, cooperation, group decision
making, and quality of life
22
. 11.4 Rank Orderings of 10 Countries Along
Ex
Four Dimensions of National Value Systems
(adapted)
Country
Australia
Costa Rica
France
India
Japan
Mexico
Sweden
Thailand
United States
Power
Uncertainty
Individualism
Masculinity
7
8
3
2
5
1
10
4
6
7
2 (tie)
2 (tie)
9
1
4
10
6
8
2
10
4
6
7
8
3
9
1
5
9
7
6
1
2
10
8
4
23
Cultural Intelligence (CQ)
… refers to a person’s ability to use
reasoning and observation skills to
interpret unfamiliar gestures and
situations and devise appropriate
behavioral responses.
24
Ex. 11.5 Stages of
Personal Diversity
Awareness
Highest Level of Awareness
Integration
Multicultural attitude – enables one to
integrate differences and adapt both
cognitively and behaviorally
Adaptation
•Able to empathize with those of other
cultures
•Able to shift from one cultural perspective to
another
Acceptance
•Accepts behavioral differences and
underlying differences in values
•Recognizes validity of other ways of thinking
and perceiving the world
Minimizing Differences
•Hides or trivializes cultural differences
•Focuses on similarities among all
peoples
Defense
Perceives threat against one’s comfortable
worldview
Uses negative stereotyping
Assumes own culture superior
Lowest Level of Awareness
25