Version 10.0
Updated 12_16_09
Presentation Overview
• History and Authorities for Oil and Hazardous
Materials Incident Response
• National Response System Components
• How the National Response System Works
• How Homeland Security and the Oil and
Hazardous Materials System Work Together
2
National Oil & Hazardous Substances
Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP)
• NCP describes the
national preparedness
and response system for
oil and hazardous
materials
Chair
Co-Chair
– Includes chemical,
biological, and radiological
releases to the
environment
– Both accidental and
intentional (including
terrorist) releases
• NCP is a regulation found
in 40 CFR 300 and
administered by the EPA
3
History
• NCP first developed
in 1968 in response to
the massive oil spill
from the oil tanker
Torrey Canyon
• Provided the first
comprehensive
national system for oil
spill reporting and
response
The Torrey Canyon
4
NCP Authorities
• Clean Water Act as amended
by the Oil Pollution Control Act
(OPA 90) and earlier clean
water legislation
• The Comprehensive
Environmental Response
Compensation and Liability
Act (CERCLA), a.k.a.
“Superfund,” including the
Emergency Planning and
Community Right-to-know Act
(EPCRA) amendments
5
About the National Response
System (NRS)
• NRS is divided into local, regional, and national organizational levels
• Participants include federal, state, local, and private sector agencies
and organizations, with interests in or responsibilities for oil and
hazardous materials emergencies
• Federal agencies in the NRS provide on-site response capability at
the local level
6
Why Federal Involvement
On-Scene?
•Incidents can exceed capability
of states and locals
•Public demand for national
environmental response policy
• Incidents and impacts
could cross state and
international borders
• Response could involve
foreign parties and
international commerce
7
NRS
Components
8
Overview of Key NRS
Components
• NRS comprised of…
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Federal On-Scene Coordinators (OSCs)
13 Regional Response Teams (RRTs)
National Response Team (NRT)
National Response Center (NRC)
Area Committees
State/Local Governments
Special Teams
Joint Response Teams with neighboring countries
Regulated Industry
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Federal On-Scene Coordinators
(OSCs)
USCG for
coastal zone
&
EPA for inland
zone
• Coordinate all containment, removal, and disposal efforts/resources
at the incident site
• Ensure proper notification
• Direct/coordinate, and/or provide technical assistance to response
efforts at site
• Maintain decision-making authority
• Ensure access to information
10
Federal OSCs Continued…
• Examples of response actions include:
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Incident Action Plan development
Site safety plan development (response planning)
Sample collection and analysis (air/water monitoring)
Alternative water supply provisions (potable water)
Source control and stabilization (berms, booms, dikes,
plugging release points)
On-site treatment (neutralization, thermal destruction,
solidification, detonation)
Off-site waste disposal or treatment
Temporary relocation
Evidence collection and other law enforcement efforts
11
OSC Response Assets
EPA Mobile Command Post
• Enforcement authorities to
ensure that the responsible
party (RP) cleans up the spill
or release
• Access to federal technical
assistance and contractors for
cleanup and salvage
• Authority to access CERCLA
and/or Oil Spill Liability Trust
Fund (OSLTF) funding
• Technical expertise from
federal special teams
• Special equipment
12
Regional Response Teams
(RRTs)
X
II
VIII
V
III
VII
IX
VI
IV
Alaska
Oceania
Caribbean
• Provide technical expertise
and resources to the OSC
during a response
I • 13 RRTs comprised of
15 Federal agencies
plus State
representatives
• Co-chaired by EPA and
USCG
• Engage in planning and
training activities yearround
• Coordinate decision
making process for
alternative cleanup
operations
13
National Response Team
(NRT)
• Comprised of the same 15
federal agencies as the
RRTs
• EPA Chair, USCG Vice
Chair
• National-level planning,
policy, and coordinating
body
•EPA
•USCG
•USDA
•DOC/NOAA
•DOD
•DOE
•HHS
•DOI
•DOJ
•DOL/OSHA
•DOS
•DOT
•GSA
•NRC
•FEMA
• Provides advice and
assistance to the OSC and
RRT during a response
14
National Response Center
(NRC)
• Receives all reports of releases
involving oil and hazardous
substances including,
infrastructure security
breaches, suspicious activities,
and terrorist related events
involving hazardous substances
& oil that trigger federal
notification requirements
• Approximately 30,000
incident notifications each
year
• Notifies Federal and State OSCs
• Notifies DHS/NOC & EPA/USCG
Headquarters
• Preparedness role – supports
NRS planning activities
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NRS Special Teams
EPA - Environmental Response Team
(ERT)
EPA - Radiological Emergency
Response Team (RERT)
EPA – National Counter Terrorism
Evidence Response Team (NCERT)
EPA – National Decontamination Team
USCG - National Strike Force (NSF)
USCG - Public Information Assist
Team (PIAT)
OSHA – Specialized Response Teams
NOAA & EPA - Scientific Support
Coordinators (SSCs)
Navy SUPSALV
Other teams
16
NRS Special Teams – EPA
Environmental Response Team
•Monitoring, Sampling &
Analysis
•Hazard Assessment
•Cleanup Techniques
•Specialized Technical Support
•Training & Education
•Trace Atmospheric Gas Analyzer
(TAGA) Van
17
NRS Special Teams – EPA
Radiological Emergency Response
Team
• Radiological
Monitoring &
Sampling
• Mobile & Fixed
Laboratories
• Radiological Technical
Expertise on Human Health
and Environment
18
NRS Special Teams – EPA
National Counterterrorism Evidence
Response Team (NCERT)
• Established 2001
• 30 EPA Special Agents stationed across United
States
• Liaisons between FBI and OSC; support to FBI
and ESF-13
• Focus: Forensic Evidence Collection
– Level A Capable
– Force Protection w/firearms
19
NRS Special Teams – EPA
National Decontamination Team
• 15 members
• Focus on environmental
decontamination
assistance for WMD
incidents
– Buildings, open spaces,
transportation and water
systems
– Waste management
– Advice on protective
cleanup levels
• ASPECT aircraft
20
EPA Regions and
Assets
ERT Locations
RERT Locations
NDT Location
21
NRS Special Teams – USCG
National Strike Force (NSF)
– National Strike Teams (NSTs) –
(Atlantic, Gulf, & Pacific teams)
– National Strike Force Coordination Center (NSFCC)
– USCG Public Information Assist Team (PIAT)
22
USCG Districts and Strike
Teams
NST
Locations
NSFCC
Location
23
NRS Special Teams – DoD
Navy Supervisor of Salvage & Diving
(SUPSALV)
• Ship Salvage/Wreck
Removal
• Salvage & Ocean
Engineering/Technical
Support
• Deep Ocean Search &
Recovery
• Diving
• Waterborne Pollution
Response/Recovery
24
NRS Special Teams –
NOAA & EPA
Scientific Support Coordinators (SSCs)
• Environmental Chemistry
• Oil & Hazmat Fate and
Effects
• Pollutant Transport
Modeling in Air and Water
• Natural Resources at
Risk
• Environmental Trade-off
of Countermeasures and
•Information Management
Cleanup
•Biological Assessments
•Contingency Planning
•Liaison to Scientific Community
25
NRS Special Teams – OSHA
Specialized Response Teams
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Chemical Team
Biological Team
Radiological Team
Structural Collapse Team
Members include:
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Certified Industrial Hygienists
Professional Engineers
Occupational Physicians
Specialized Safety Experts
• Support the OSC in the area of
responder health and safety
• Can also support through NRF
Worker Safety and Health
Support Annex
26
Other NRS Assets –
HHS/CDC/ATSDR
• CDC/ATSDR:
– On-call and on-site
specialists to answer
human health questions
– Facilitate OSC interactions
with state/local public
health
– Facilitate access to other
HHS assets
• NIESH worker training
program and on-site justin-time training.
27
Other NRS Assets – DOI/USDA
• DOI and USDA are two of the largest land managers in
the U.S.
• Serve as natural resources trustees
• Provide emergency management, preparedness, and
response support to OSCs
– Exercises and contingency plan development/maintenance
– Scientific/technical expertise in areas such as protecting natural,
cultural, and historic resources; mapping; modeling; offshore oil
drilling
28
Nearly 30% of the US--over 650 Million acres--is managed
by Federal agencies (DOI, USDA, DOD, etc)
Question: Where will spills occur and what lands and29
resources will be affected?
Natural Resource Trustees’ role and responsibilities
•
Work with responsible party and State and Tribal trustees to restore natural
resources and services injured as a result of spills or releases
•
Conduct scientific natural resource damage assessments to determine injuries,
restoration needs, and compensation for lost public use of injured natural resources
•
Engage the responsible parties to secure a solution through either regulation,
settlement, or litigation
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How the
NRS Works
31
NRS
Notification & Decision
Process
32
NRS Funding Mechanisms
Oil Spills
• OPA 90
– Oil Spill Liability
Trust Fund (OSLTF)
Hazardous Substances
•The Comprehensive
Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability
Act (CERCLA), a.k.a.,
Superfund
33
Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund
• Administered by National Pollution Funds Center
• OSLTF Emergency Fund established to provide
funding for:
– Emergency response actions to protect public health,
safety and environment
– Natural Resource Damage Assessments (NRDA) initiation
– Compensation for claimants who demonstrate that oil
pollution caused damages
• As delineated by the OPA, uses of the
OSLTF include:
– Response costs incurred by the Coast Guard
and EPA
– State access for response activities
– Payments to federal, state, and Indian tribe
trustees to conduct natural resource damage
assessments and restorations
– Payment of claims for uncompensated
response costs and damages
– Research and development
– Other specific appropriations
M/V COSCO BUSAN
34
Superfund
• Administered by EPA
• Can be accessed in
three ways:
– FOSC
– Claims Process
•
•
Claims can be submitted
by individuals or states
Response actions must
be preauthorized for
reimbursement
– Local Government
Reimbursement
(LGR) program
35
NCP Preparedness
International
Joint Plans
National Oil and
Hazardous Substances
Pollution Contingency Plan
(NCP)
National
Response Framework
(NRF)
Regional
Contingency Plans (RCPs)
Federal Agency
Internal Plans
State/Local Plans
Area
Contingency Plans (ACPs)
Facility
Response
Plans (FRPs)
Vessel Response
Plans (VRPs)
36
Preparedness Components
Under the NRS
37
State and Local
Preparedness
Emergency Planning and
Community Right-to-Know
Act (EPCRA) (or SARA Title
III)
– Established federal/state/local
integration of NRS
– Assigned preparedness
responsibilities at all levels of
government
– Resulted in 50 State
Emergency Response
Commissions (SERCs) and
over 2,000 Local Emergency
Planning Committees (LEPCs)
• Requires the development of
local emergency response
plans - for worst case
scenario at selected facilities
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Regional Contingency Plans
• Developed by multi-agency RRTs
• Provide for effective regional response coordination
• Ensure clear roles & responsibilities
• Include information on government, commercial,
academic, facilities, & resources in each region
• Follow NCP format
• Should be coordinated with Area Contingency Plans
(ACPs) & LEPC plans
• Designates the boundary between the coastal & inland
zones
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Area Contingency Plans
(ACPs)
• Developed by Area Committees led by Federal OSCs
• Provides for effective response coordination for worst
case discharges
ACP Contents
–The area covered by the
plan
–Responsibilities of public
and private entities
–Procedures for obtaining an
expedited decision regarding
the use of dispersants
–How the plan is integrated
into other ACPs and
response plans
–A fish and wildlife and
sensitive environments plan
–Booming strategies
–Equipment available
40
Preparedness Model
Plans & Policy
Outcome: Increased
Preparedness
Evaluations
Stakeholder
Outreach &
Engagement
Government
Capabilities
Non-Government
Capabilities
Team -Training,
Exercises &
Actual Events
41
How Homeland
Security and the
NRS Work Together
42
National Response
Framework
National Incident
Management System
43
Organization of the NRF
ESF #5 – Emergency
Management
Base Plan
ESF #4 - Firefighting
ESF #3 – Public Works
and Engineering
ESF #2 –
Telecommunications
ESF #1 - Transportation
Emergency
Support Function
Annexes
ESF #15 – External
Affairs
ESF #10 – Oil and
Hazardous Materials
Response
ESF #14 – Long-Term
Community Recovery
ESF # 9 –Search and
Rescue
ESF #8 – Public Health
& Medical Services
ESF #7 –Logistics
Management &
Resource Support
ESF #6 – Mass Care,
Housing & Human
Services
ESF #13 – Public Safety
and Security
ESF #12 - Energy
ESF #11 –Agriculture
and Natural Resources
Cyber Incident
Food and Agriculture
Incident
Public Affairs
Private-Sector
Coordination
Financial Management
Worker Safety and
Health
Support
Annexes
Terrorism Incident Law
Enforcement and
Investigation
Tribal Relations
Biological Incident
Volunteer and Donations
Management
International
Coordination
Critical Infrastructure
and Key Resources
Nuclear/Radiological
Incident
Catastrophic Incident
Incident
Annexes
Federal Response
Private-Sector and
Nongovernmental
State Response
Local Government
Response
Partner Guides
44
The NRF-NCP Relationship
• NRS (OSCs, RRTs, NRT, etc.) responds under
NCP on daily basis for more “routine” oil and
hazardous materials incidents
• When DHS leads incident under NRF, NRS
assets are activated under NRF Emergency
Support Function (ESF) #10 – Oil and
Hazardous Materials Response Annex
– In some cases, NRS may respond initially under its
own authorities pending an ESF #10 activation, then
transition to Stafford Act authority and funding
– ESF #10 uses NRT and RRTs to coordinate response
among ESF #10 Primary/Support Agencies at
national and regional levels as needed
45
National Incident Management
System (NIMS)
Incident Command System
Unified
Command
Participants
May Include:
Local Official(s)
State Official(s)
Federal Official(s)
Responsible Party Representative(s)
Information
Safety
Liaison
Operations
Planning
Logistics
Finance and Administration
46
The NIMS-NCP Relationship
• NRS uses Incident
Command System (ICS)
for emergency responses
under NCP and ESF #10
activations under NRF
• OSC coordinates
oil/hazmat response from
Incident Command Post
(ICP) level
47
EPA/USCG ESF #10 Participation in NRF / NIMS
Field Level
Multiagency Coordination Entity
 HQ staffs DRG
 Region/district EOC staffs JFO UCG as needed
EOCs/Multiagency
Coordination Centers
 HQ staffs NOC + NRCC
 Region/district EOC
staffs JFO, RRCC, + State
and Local EOCs as
needed
Incident Command
 EPA/USCG OSC
and IMTs
integrate
through UC
Incident
Command
Post
Local
Emergency
Ops Center
(EOC)
JFO
Unified
Coordination
Group*
State
Emergency
Ops Center
(EOC)
Joint Field
Office
(JFO)
Incident
Command
Post
National
Level
White House
Domestic
Readiness
Group (DRG)
FEMA Regional
Response
Coordination
Center
(RRCC)
*JFO UCG includes PFO,
FCO, SCO, and other
Senior Officials from
entities with a major
incident management role
Area
Command
Incident
Command
Post
Regional
Level
DHS National
Operations
Center
(NOC)
FEMA National
Response
Coordination
Center
(NRCC)
DHS National
Infrastructure
Coordinating
Center
(NICC)
48
NRS Role in Terrorism
Incidents Under NRF
• OSCs and special teams
can support FBI and DHS
during crisis phase:
– Technical support (e.g.,
hazard evaluation,
modeling)
– Evidence collection
• Provide federal
leadership or support for
environmental
assessment and cleanup
through ESF #10
activation
49
Benefits NRS Brings to NRF
• First Responders:
– Are federal
– Are well connected to state
and local responders and
industry
– Have immediate access to
regional & local experts for
planning and response
• Plan and respond
with neighboring
countries
50
Benefits NRS Brings to NRF
continued…
• Access to local resources and logistics
• Knowledge of local response community,
its political representatives, infrastructure,
and issues
• Knowledge of local media &risk
communications needs
• Familiarity with industry and NonGovernment Organizations
51
More information on
the NRS can be found
at:
WWW.NRT.ORG
52
Questions?
53
Appendix
Optional Slides
54
USCG Vessel of Opportunity
Skimming System (VOSS)
Astoria, OR
Eureka, CA
St. Louis, MO
Corpus Christi, TX
Guam
American Samoa
Quonset, RI
Jacksonville, FL
Miami, FL
Seattle, WA,
PST Novato, CA
LA/LB
Honolulu, HI
Anchorage, AK
GST Mobile, AL
Galveston, TX
Tampa, FL
Detroit, MI
Puerto Rico
Charleston, SC
Portsmouth, VA
AST Fort Dix, NJ
Portsmouth, NH
55
USCG Spilled Oil Recovery
System (SORS)
KUKUI & WALNUT Honolulu, HI
JUNIPER & WILLOW Newport, RI
ELM Fort Macon, NC
FIR Astoria, OR
SEQUOIA Guam
ASPEN San Francisco, CA
SPAR Kodlak, AK
Hickory Homer, AK
SYCAMORE Cordova, AK
MAPLE Sitka, AK
ALDER Duluth, MN
HOLLYHOCK Port Huron, MI
OAK Charleston, SC
CYPRESS Mobile, AL
56