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Qualities of an Excellent Leader
GOVERNMENT IS AN
INSTITUION THROUGH
WHICH A SOCIETY
MAKES AND ENFORCES
PUBLIC POLICIES
What are public policies?
·All the things a government decides to do
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HOW DO YOU GET POWER??
FORCE THEORY
·One person or group took over
another group or area
·Forced all within its rule to submit to
their authority
EVOLUTIONARY THEORY
·Develops naturally out of a family
·One head of a family, the decisionmaker
·Families become clans, clans
become tribes
DIVINE RIGHT THEORY
·God gives those who are born
into royalty a “right” to power
·Questioning ruler is questioning
God
·Punishable by banishment or
death
SOCIAL CONTRACT
·Give up some freedoms for “The
General Will”
·Voluntary act
·Gov’t exists to serve the will of
the people
3 JOBS OF GOVERNMENT
·Legislative – Make Laws
·Executive – Execute, enforce and
administer
·Judicial – Interpret, determine meaning
and settle societal disputes
Origins of American Government
Greeks and Romans
Greeks
·Democracy - Form of
government in which people
rule themselves
·Each male had ability to
participate and help make
laws and policies
400-500 BC
Romans
·Republic
·People elect officials to
represent them in
government
·1 year terms
ENLIGHTENMENT
A Period of European history of art and rebirth of Greek and Roman
thought (da vinci, Michelangelo)
John Locke
·Separation of Church and State
·Cannot force religion on people
·"Life Liberty and Property"
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
·Social Contract
·We give up certain freedoms of
the general good of all
ENGLISH ORIGINS
Magna Carta
·King is not above law
·1st document limiting power of King
English Bill of Rights
·Says Parliament (England's Congress) is
more powerful then King
·King cannot change law without their
approval
IDEAS FROM ENGLAND
Limited Government
·Government is restricted in what it can
do
·Each individual has rights the gov’t
cannot take away
Representative Gov’t
·Gov’t should be the will of the people
·People should have a say
COLONIAL ATTEMPTS AT GOVERNMENT
·Mayflower Compact
·Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
·Virginia Assembly - 2 Houses
·Council of State - Upper house, selected by
governor
·House of Burgesses - Selected by
Colonists
ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
·1st attempt at a federal (national)
government 1781
·Firm friendship between states
Positives of A of C
·Protected States Rights
·No Strong Central Gov't
·Northwest Ordinance of 1787
·Creates system for bringing states into the unio
·Population of 60K, draft constitution, ask
permission
Weaknesses of the Articles
·Power to Tax
·Regulate commerce between states
·Raise a military
·Make states obey (9/13)
·Make changes (amendments)
(13/13)
ECONOMIC TROUBLE
·England controls world trade - makes
America go through them
·Plays each state against the others
·States in $$ trouble - print more money inflation
SHAYS REBELLION
·Farmers in Mass. rebel against
high taxes
·Attack courts and shut them
down
·Result - Proves A of C isn't
working
US CONSTITUTION
Constitutional Convention - Philly 1787
BIG QUESTIONS!!
·Make small changes or totally re-write A
of C?
·We need a leader - how much power
should he/they have?
·What do we do with slaves?
How will the people be represented?
Option 1 - By Population
·Virginia Plan
·2 houses, each by population
·Supported by big states
Option 2 - By equality
·New Jersey Plan
·1 house, each state gets equal votes
·Supported by smaller states
HMMMMMMMMM WHAT SHOULD
WE DO??? ANYONE HAVE ANY
GOOD IDEAS???????????
THE GREAT COMPROMISE
·2 houses
·Equal votes in upper (Senate)
·Population in lower (House of
Representatives)
·Slaves - 3/5 compromise
·3/5 slaves will be counted towards
population
Approving the Constitution
NOT ALL AGREED WITH THE CONSTITUTION - MANY FELT IT DID NOT DO ENOUGH
TO PROTECT THE INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS OF STATES AND PEOPLE
Federalists
·Pro-Constitution
·Liked the balance of power
·Federalist Papers
·Anonymous
Compromise
Anti-Federalists
·Anti-Constitution
·Too much power in Central Gov't
·Not enough personal liberties
Bill of Rights
1st 10 Amendments (Changes) to the Constitution
1 - Freedom of speech, press,
religion, assembly and redress
2 - Right to bare arms
3 - No Quartering
4 - No illegal searches
5 - Double jeopardy, testify against
self, due process and eminent
domain
6 - Speedy and public trial
7 - Right to a jury in Civil suits
8 - No cruel and unusual punishment
or excessive bail
9 - Gov't cannot take away any rights
not in Con.
10 - Anything not in the Constitution is
up to the states
5 Principles of the Con.
1 - Popular Sovereignty
2 - Limited Government
3 - Checks and Balances
4 - Judicial Review
5 - Federalism
3 BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT
Legislative Branch
·Translate Public will into public policy
through laws
·2 Houses - Senate and House of Rep
·H of R - 25, 7 years a citizen, live in the
state
·Senate - 30, 9 years, live in state
Executive Branch
·Administer Laws - Put them into practice
·President - 35, Natural born citizen, Resident
for 14 years
·2, 4 yr terms (22nd amend.) - max is 10
years (FDR 12)
·Can Veto bills - overruled with 3/4 vote in
congress
·Impeach - Bring charges against - twice,
both not guilty
Roles of the President
·Chief of State - Head of the Country
·Chief Executive - Boss of Exec Branch
·Chief Diplomat - Foreign Policy Leader
·Commander in Chief - Military leader
·Chief Legislator - Make policy for laws
Vice President
·2 Constitutional duties
·Take over for President
·Break ties in the Senate
·“I am vice president. In this I am nothing,
but I may be everything” – John Adams
·“The most
insignificant
office that ever
the invention of
man contrived
or his
imagination
conceived” –
Possibly Interesting Prez Facts
·WASHINGTON - GENERAL
·LINCOLN – LOSES ELECTION BUT GETS
FAMOUS
·GRANT – FAILS OUT OF W.P. – GROCERY
CLERK
·WILSON – PHD OF POLY SCI (JHU)
·TRUMAN – VP, SENATOR BUT WAS
BANKRUPT
·CLINTON – SAX PLAYER, RHODES
SCHOLAR, GOV.
·W BUSH – GOV, OWNER OF BASEBALL
TEAM, SON OF PRES
Possibly Interesting Prez Facts
·30 former soldiers
·12 generals
·17 governors
·4 sets of relatives
·14 formers vp’s
·16 senators
·19 house of reps
·WASPs
·MALE
·2 WOMEN VP
CANDIDATES
·MOSTLY
PROTESTANTS
·JFK (RC)
LIEBERMAN
·PS Act (1967)
th
·25 AMENDMENT (1967)
·VP fills position of president
·What about disability?
·Reagan – removes tumor – Bush 1 pres
for 8 hours
·Garfield – 80 days
·Wilson - 7 months
·Bush 2 - twice
Judicial Branch
·A system of Courts to interpret the laws an
settle disputes
·Supreme Court - Rules Constitutional or
unconstitutional - Not guilty or not guilty
Supreme Court
·Chief – John Roberts
·Harvard Undergrad, Harvard Law
·Antonin Scalia
·Georgetown, Harvard law
·Anthony Kennedy
·Stanford, Harvard Law
·Clarence Thomas
·Holy Cross, Yale Law
·Ruth Bader Ginsberg
·Cornell, Harvard Law, Columbia Law
·9 Justices
·Serve Life terms - Why?
·Only see the most important cases each yea
·Stephen Breyer
·Stanford, Harvard law
·Samuel Alito
·Princeton, Yale Law
·Sonia Sotomajor
·Princeton, Yale Law
·Elena Kagan
·Princeton, Harvard Law
·Sandra Day O’Connor (R)
·David Souter (R)
·John Paul Stevens (R)
FUN FACT O’ THE DAY
·4 born in NY including 3 in NYC
·2 born in Trenton, NJ
·2 from San Fran area of Cali
·1 Georgia