Final AP Review
Flash Cards
Compare/contrast a direct
democracy with an indirect
democracy (republicanism).
Marxist View
Power Elite View
Bureaucratic View
Pluralist View
Compare and Contrast the Political
Theories of Thomas Hobbes and
John Locke
Explain how the Declaration of
Independence incorporated some of
the ideas of John Locke.
Describe some of the weaknesses of
the Articles of Confederation
How did Shays’ Rebellion show
some of the weaknesses of the
Articles of Confederation?
Factions
Federalist Papers
Federalist #10
Federalist #51
Great (Connecticut) Compromise
3/5ths Compromise
Describe the meaning of the
Following Constitutional Principle,
AND provide an example of that
principle from the Constitution:
POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY
Describe the meaning of the
Following Constitutional Principle,
AND provide an example of that
principle from the Constitution:
LIMITED GOVERNMENT
Describe the meaning of the
Following Constitutional Principle,
AND provide an example of that
principle from the Constitution:
SEPARATION OF POWERS
Describe the meaning of the
Following Constitutional Principle,
AND provide an example of that
principle from the Constitution:
CHECKS AND BALANCES
Describe the meaning of the
Following Constitutional Principle,
AND provide an example of that
principle from the Constitution:
JUDICIAL REVIEW
Marbury v. Madison
Describe the meaning of the
Following Constitutional Principle,
AND provide an example of that
principle from the Constitution:
FEDERALISM
Writ of Habeas Corpus
Bill of Attainder
Ex Post Facto Laws
Full Faith and Credit Clause
Supremacy Clause
Elastic Clause
Commerce Clause
Why did many states want the US
Constitution to include a Bill of
Rights?
Describe how the following court
cases shaped the evolution of the
Bill of Rights:
Barron v. Baltimore (1833)
Gitlow v. New York (1925)
st
1
Amendment
nd
2
Amendment
rd
3
Amendment
th
4
Amendment
th
5
Amendment
th
6
Amendment
th
7
Amendment
th
8
Amendment
th
9
Amendment
th
10
Amendment
th
13
Amendment
th
14
Amendment
th
15
Amendment
th
16
Amendment
th
17
Amendment
th
19
Amendment
th
24
Amendment
th
25
Amendment
th
26
Amendment
Process for Amending the
Constitution
Definitions and Examples of
Linkage Institutions
Definition and Example of
Expressed Powers
Definition and Example of
Implied Powers
Definition and Example of
Inherent Powers
Definition and Example of
Reserved Powers
Definition and Example of
EXCLUSIVE Powers
Definition and Example of
CONCURRENT Powers
McCulloch v. Maryland
Gibbons v. Ogden
Categorical Grants v.
Block Grants
Unfunded Mandates
Devolution
What makes a Poll accurate?
Why should politicians follow
polls?
Why shouldn’t politicians follow
polls?
Political Efficacy
Internal vs. External Efficacy
Voters v. Non-Voters
PACs
Soft Money vs. Hard Money
527 Organizations
Independent Expenditures
SuperPACs
Buckley v. Valeo
FEC
Citizens United v. FEC
McCain-Feingold Act (BCRA)
Primary Elections
Open Primary vs. Closed Primary
vs. Blanket Primary
Why do many states try to hold their
primaries/caucuses as early as
possible? (“frontloading”)
How do caucuses differ from
primaries?
Describe what occurs at
conventions.
Delegates
Superdelegates
Reasons for Incumbency
Advantage
Describe the pros and cons of being
an incumbent presidential
candidate.
Why do members in the House of
Representatives tend to have a
higher re-election rate than do
members in the Senate?
Reapportionment, Redistricting,
Malapportionment, Gerrymandering
Congressional vs. Presidential
Elections
Single-Member Districts
Marginal vs. Safe Districts
Briefly explain how the
Electoral College works
Why do we have the
Electoral College?
Political Party
Functions of a Political Party
Why do we have a 2 party
system?
Roles of Minor Parties
National Party Organization
Party Decline: How do we know?
Party Decline: Reasons
Party Identification Patterns:
GENDER
Party Identification Patterns:
RACE
Party Identification Patterns:
EDUCATION
Party Identification Patterns:
OCCUPATION
Party Identification Patterns: AGE
Party Identification Patterns:
RELIGION
Party Identification Patterns:
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Party Realignment
Critical Elections
Interest Groups vs. Political
Parties
Types of Interest Groups
Activities of Interest Groups
Iron Triangle vs. Issue Network
NRA
NAACP
NARAL
PETA
Sierra Club
AARP
NOW
ACLU
Media’s Role in Politics
Horserace Journalism
House Leadership
Senate Leadership
Congressional Committees
Why are committees more
important/powerful in the HoR than
in the Senate?
Standing, Joint, Select, &
Conference Committees
House Rules Committee
House Ways and Means
Committee
Appropriations Committee
Floor Action: HoR vs. Senate
Filibuster & Cloture
How a Bill becomes a Law
Constitutional Requirements to
be President
Roles of the President:
Description and Examples
Levels of Executive Branch
White House Staff
EOP
OMB
Executive Departments
Independent Agencies
Types of Independent Agencies
Quasi-Legislative and Quasi-Judicial
powers of Independent Regulatory
Commissions
National Security Council
Why do we have a Bureaucracy?
Merit System vs. Spoils System
Problems of Bureaucracy
Congressional Checks on
Bureaucracy
Presidential Checks on
Bureaucracy
SC Checks on Bureaucracy
Types of Federal Courts
Types of Jurisdiction and which
courts have which types.
Term of Office for Federal Judges
Confirmation Process
Writ of Certiorari
Selection of Cases for Supreme
Court
Amicus Curiae Brief
Stare Decisis
Types of Court Opinions
Warren Court
Judicial Activism vs. Judicial
Restraint
Majoritarian, Client, Interest
Group, & Entrepreneurial Politics
Pork-Barrel Legislation
Logrolling
Deficit vs. Debt
Pocketbook Voting
Troika (Who and Roles)
Monetarism
Keynesianism
Economic Planning
Supply-Side Thoery
Reaganomics
Monetary Policy vs. Fiscal Policy
Federal Reserve
What does the FED do to control
Monetary Policy
Structure of the FED
Budget Process
Largest Sources of Revenue
Largest Areas of Spending
Discretionary(controllable) vs.
Mandatory (uncontrollable)
spending
Entitlements
Gramm-Rudman-Hollings &
Budget Enforcement Act of 1990
Kinds of Taxes
Means-Test
Examples of Means-Test
Programs
Social Security
Medicare vs. Medicaid
Foreign Policy Options
Foreign Policy Groups (who? and
roles)
Foreign Policy:
Congress vs. President
Military Chain of Command
Defense Budget
Military-Industrial Complex
EPA
Pollution Offsets and Allowances
Selective Incorporation
th
14
Amendment
Freedom of Religion
Lemon Test
Freedom of Expression
Clear-and-Present Danger Test
Symbolic Speech
Preferred Position
Prior Restraint
2 Types of Due Process
4th Amendment Protections and
Limitations
Exclusionary Rule
Good-Faith Exception
Miranda v. Arizona, Escobedo v.
Illinois
Gideon v. Wainwright
Court Rulings on the Death
Penalty
Civil Rights vs. Civil Liberties
Levels of Suspect Classifications
Plessy v. Ferguson; Brown v. BOE
Methods used during the Civil
Rights Movement
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Voting Rights Act of 1965
De Jure vs. De Facto Segregation
Privacy Rights
Abortion Rights
Affirmative Action
Court Rulings on Affirmative
Action