415 PHT
Plasma Level – Time Curve
Practical
Dr. Ahmed Alalaiwe
a.alalaiwe@psau.edu.sa
Office: 13A-1
Office Hours: Wed 01-03 pm
1437 - 2016
Basic Pharmacokinetics Quiz
• 1) Pharmacokinetic models are useful to:
A) describe concentration-time data sets
B) predict drug serum concentrations after several doses or after
different routes of administration
C) calculate pharmacokinetics parameters (clearance, volume of
distribution, half-life)
D) A and C
E) A , B and C
Basic Pharmacokinetics Quiz
• 2) Pharmacokinetics: what the body does to the drug
A) true
B) False
Basic Pharmacokinetics Quiz
• 3) What ( is/are ) the consideration(s) for ABSORPTION
A) Rate
B) Extent
C) Route of administration
D) All of the above
E) None of the above
Basic Pharmacokinetics Quiz
• 4) Oral administration is used mainly for systemic effect. However, is
occasionally used for local effect such as diarrhea and constipation
A) True
B) False
Basic Pharmacokinetics Quiz
• 5) Analysis of drug in urine data is useful because
A) Blood samples may not be convenient and allow to study the
elimination
B) It is an invasive measurement
C) All of the above
Basic Pharmacokinetics Quiz
• Answers:
• 1) E
• 2) A
• 3) D
• 4) A
• 5) A
Concentration-Time Profile
Concentration-Time Profile
Route of Administrations
• The aim is to :
• Get the drug into the circulation
• Administer it locally
• Examples:
• Parenteral ( IV, IM, Interracial, intra-arterial, SC )
• Topical
• Oral
• Inhalation
Route of Administrations
Route of Administrations
Intravenous (IV)
Intravenous (IV)
• Advantages:
• Easy access to rapid
administration of solutions
• Continuous or intermittent
administration of nutrients
• Rapid changes in circulatory
system
• East to monitor delivery of fluids,
electrolytes and nutrients ( for
those with impaired GI tracts.)
• Disadvantages:
• Invasive procedure can cause
infection, bleeding adverse side
effects
• More costly than oral or
injectable ( IM, SC ) substances
• One IV site has a limited
use/time: usually no more than
72 hours.
Intramuscular (IM)
Intramuscular (IM)
• Advantages:
• MORE CONSISTENT absorption vs oral
or sub-cutaneous
• Certainty of administration
• Depot or sustained effect possible,
methylprednisolone acetate, pivalate)
• IM is a viable route for unconscious,
vomiting or fractious patients; last
resort for dehydrated patients.
• MOST of the time, IM = IV for efficacy /
potency
• Disadvantages:
• Pain
• Muscle Damage
• Dose cannot be recovered
• Cant stop it!
Subcutaneous (SC)
Subcutaneous (SC)
• Advantages:
• Relatively safe
• High bioavailability
• Can be administered by the
patient himself
• Disadvantages:
• Limited volume
• variability
• Dose cannot be recovered
• Cant stop it!
ORAL (p.o)
ORAL (p.o)
• Advantages:
• Convenient, cheap, no need for
sterilization, variety of dose forms
• You can get the dose back if you
move fast enough
• Disadvantages:
• Slow absorption
• variability
• First-pass effect
• Undesired GI reactions (nausea,
vomiting)
Rectal
Rectal
• Advantages:
• Access to GI absorption in
unconscious or vomiting patients
• Drug can be recovered before
absorption is complete
• Disadvantages:
• Slow absorption
• variability
• Inconvenient
Take-home message
•What is Interosseous route of
administration?
•What are the advantages and
disadvantages of Interosseous route of
administration?