England and Its Colonies
Chapter 3, Section 1
Mercantilism
• England expects something in return for its
generosity to the colonies
– Mercantilism: goal is to become most wealthy
country in the world by gaining the most
gold/silver
• Why are the colonies an important part of
mercantilism for England?
Navigation Acts
• Navigation Acts:
1. Must trade only with England
2. Must use only English ships
Navigation Acts
• King Charles cracks down:
– Created “Dominion of New England”
• DoNE
• New leaders enforced Nav. Acts,
questioned Puritan beliefs, outlawed local
assemblies, and created new taxes
New leader, same tricks
• King Charles II died in 1685
– King James II (brother) took the throne
• Catholic
• Enforced Nav. Acts
New leader, same tricks
• Glorious Revolution:
– King James fled England
– Parliament asked William and Mary of Orange
to take over the throne
Glorious Revolution
•
The Glorious Revolution showed that
Parliament has more power than the
King
– In the colonies, Wm. and Parliament:
• dissolve DoNE and reinstate colonial
assemblies
• Require more religious freedom
• Begin Salutary neglect: policy giving the
colonies more overall freedom
Glorious Revolution
•
The only thing they didn’t do?
– Eliminate Nav. Acts
• They strengthened them!
• Moved smuggling trials to courts with
English judges
• Created the Board of Trade to monitor
colonial trade
A Small Advantage
• Colonial assemblies pay the governors’
salary
The Agricultural South
Chapter 3, Section 2
Southern Life
• Profitable crop that saved Jamestown:
Tobacco
• Cash crop: a crop grown in large
quantities primarily to sell
Southern Life
• Tobacco is a labor-intensive crop
– Originally enslaved natives, but this proved
too difficult
1. Knew the land and could escape
2. Dying from smallpox
Southern Life
• Began enslaving
Africans
– From 1690 to 1750:
# of African Slaves in Southern Colonies
# of slaves
213,000
163,000
Line 1
113,000
63,000
13,000
1690
1750
Year
Southern Life
Plantation Owners
Free white men
Indentured servants
and women
Slaves and natives
The Slave Trade
• Triangular trade
• Middle Passage
Slave Resistance
• Ways that slaves resisted their owners:
– Faked sick
– Broke tools
– Worked slowly
Slave Resistance
• Stono Rebellion: a group of S.C. slaves
gathered weapons and rose up against
owners; many Africans were killed whether
they were involved or not
– Began a crackdown on slaves
Ending the Slave Trade, “Amazing Grace”
Resources
• Slavery
• The Slave Trade, “Amazing Grace”
• Slavery in Pictures
The Commercial North
Chapter 3, Section 3
Commercial North
Diverse
• English
• German
• Scots and Irish
• Scandinavians
• French fur traders
Salem Witch Trials
http://www.neiu.edu/~cejanzen/salem.swf
Commercial North
• Diversity allows for two great movements
to take root in the North
• The Enlightenment
• The Great Awakening
The Enlightenment
The Great
Awakening
Type of
Intellectual
movement
Religious
Key figures Benjamin Franklin,
Thomas Jefferson
Jonathan
Edwards, Gge.
Whitefield
Ideas
World is governed by
Puritan values,
mathematical laws, indiv. rededicate to God,
have natural rights
need for salvation
What action Experiment, rely on
to take
reason, question
traditional authority
Join a church, found
religious colleges,
read the Bible,
question authority
• The Enlightenment
• Ideas of the Enlightenment in America
North
South
• several cash crops
Both
• industry
•Slaves
• Powerful merchants
• many cities
• diverse religions,
ethnic groups, etc.
• Conflict with
natives
• becoming
wealthy
• upset with
England
• one cash crops
• agriculture industry
• Powerful farm
owners
• few cities
• more uniform
population
Tensions Between the
Colonies and Britain
Ch. 3, Section 4
French and Indian War
• France was Britain’s greatest rival in North
America
French and Indian War
• French had alliances
with major native tribes
of the midwest (Huron,
Ottawa, Ojibwe)
• Built Fort Duquesne in
present day Pittsburgh,
but there was a problem
• British granted that land
to planters
French and Indian War
• British sent George
Washington and VA
militia to drive the
French out
– Built Fort Necessity
– Forced to surrender
during French
counter-attack
– Beginning of
French and Indian
War
French and Indian War
• Gen. Edward Braddock defeated by
French guerrilla warfare at first
• William Pitt borrowed a heap of money
and began winning
• Iroquois (one of biggest native alliances) joined
British
French and Indian War
• French driven to Quebec City
• British won by scaling cliffs around
Quebec and taking the French by surprise
French and Indian War
• Treaty of Paris (1763): ended the war with
France
• Great Britain received Canada and most of North
America, including Florida from France’s ally Spain
French and Indian War
• To fight native
resistance:
– Brits gave two small pox
blankets to natives
during peace
negotiations
– To avoid major battles,
Proclamation of 1763
Problems Resulting from War
1. Brits left 10,000 troops for colonists’
safety
2. Britain raises taxes to pay for its war
debts
•
Writs of assistance: could search any
building or ship for suspected smuggled
goods
3. Sugar Act
•
•
Smugglers tried with one judge, no jury
Claimed rights being violated b/c no
representation in Parliament