Empires of
Ghana Empire
Notable Leaders: Tunka Manin
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Soninke banded together for protection; formed Empire of Ghana
Rich and powerful trade empire (Silent Barter system; salt/gold)
Weapons of Iron
Forced traders to pay taxes to use the trade routes
Gold from mines was property of the King
Downfall
• Muslim invasions; Overgrazing by cattle; Internal Rebellion
Mali Empire
Notable Leaders: Sundiata, Mansa Musa
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Sundiata conquered Ghana in late 1200s
Rich and powerful trade empire (salt and gold!)
Stressed importance of education
Muslim empire
Downfall
• Weak leaders after the death of Mansa Musa
Songhai Empire
Notable Leaders: Sunni Ali; Askia the Great
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Rival empire to Mali
Profited from Salt and Gold Trade
Conquered by Mansa Musa in 1300s;regained freedom in 1400s
Muslim empire; emphasis on Education
Downfall
• Defeated by Moroccans, who had guns and cannons