Scientists solve problems
through a process called the
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experimental process.
scientific method.
scientific theory.
model method.
Scientists test a hypothesis by
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formulating questions.
doing experiments.
designing models.
drawing conclusions.
The factor in an experiment
that is changed by the
experimenter is called
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dependent variable
control variable
independent variable
constants
The science of what matter is
made of and how it changes is
called
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chemistry.
biology.
physics.
geology.
The factor that is forced to
change because the
independent variable changed
is called the
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dependent variable
control variable
independent variable
constant
When a few crystals of NaCl were added to water
, the solution showed a weak conduction of
electricity. As additional NaCl was added, the
ability of the solution to conduct electricity
increased. Which of the following graphs
represents the relationship between the amount
of NaCl dissolved in water and its conductivity?
• What is the independent variable in
the graph?
• What is the dependent variable in the
graph?
• Which graph shows a positive or
direct relationship?
Matter is defined as anything
that
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can be seen and touched.
can be weighed.
has mass and takes up space.
contains kinetic or potential energy.
Which of the following is not
matter?
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Carbon
Book
jello
light
A heterogeneous mixture with
particles that NEVER settle
• Solution
• colloid
• Suspension
Any material made of two or
more substances that can be
physically separated
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Element
Compound
Mixture
molecule
The scattering of light by
colloidal particles
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Viscosity
tyndall effect
Conductivity
solubility
• Which letter in the diagram
represents a pure element?
• Which letter in the diagram
represents a mixture of two
elements?
• Which letter in the diagram
represents a pure compound?
• Which letter in the diagram
represents a mixture of a compound
and an element?
The change of a substance from
a gas directly to a solid is called
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condensation.
deposition.
evaporation.
sublimation.
The kinetic theory states that the
higher the temperature, the
faster the
• particles that make up a substance
move.
• bonds between atoms break down.
• molecules of gas rush together.
• lighter particles within a substance
clump together.
Most matter _________
when it is heated.
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Contracts
Solidifies
Condenses
expands
Which state of matter has a
definite volume but indefinite
shape
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Solid
Gas
Liquid
plasma
Which of the following is an
example of a physical change?
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dissolving sugar in water
baking a cake
growing hair on your head
metal rusting
Carbon dioxide bubbles fall to
the ground because they are
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less dense than the air around them.
less dense than water.
more dense than the air around them.
more dense than water.
Which of the following is an
example of a chemical change?
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water freezing
shattering a rock
iron rusting
candle wax melting
A liquid changes rapidly into a
gas at the liquid's
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boiling point.
melting point.
freezing point.
condensation point.
For a substance to change from
a solid to a liquid, energy must
be
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released
created
Absorbed
destroyed
Which is not a part of the
kinetic theory
• All matter is made of molecules that
are constantly in motion.
• For every action there is an equal and
opposite reaction.
• The higher the temperature of a
substance, the faster the molecules
move.
• At the same temperature, heavier
particles move slower that lighter
particles.
During a chemical or
physical change, energy may
be
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created.
greatly increased in strength.
destroyed.
converted into another form.
Digesting food is an example of
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physical change.
chemical change.
change of state.
chemical property.
Which of the following is not
an example of a physical
property?
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freezing point
Reactivity
boiling point
density
You burn a log of wood, and
only a small pile of ashes is left.
What has happened?
• A large amount of mass has been lost.
• A small amount of mass has been
converted into a large amount of heat
energy.
• The total mass of the wood and oxygen
is the same as the total mass of the ash
and gases.
• The total amount of energy is less than
before.
Matter in which particles are
arranged in a repeating
geometric pattern is a
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Solid
gas
Liquid
plasma
The law of conservation of
energy states that energy
cannot be
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burned.
created or destroyed.
changed in form.
heated or cooled.
Condensation refers to the
change of state from a
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liquid to a gas.
solid to a liquid.
gas to a liquid.
liquid to a solid.
A gaslike mixture with no
definite shape or volume that is
also called ionized gas is
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solid
Gas
Liquid
plasma
All changes of the state of
matter require
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water.
energy.
vibration.
sublimation.
Ice sinks in alcohol because it is
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more dense than alcohol.
colder than alcohol.
less dense than alcohol.
warmer than alcohol.
The heated ball not fitting
through the metal ring is an
example of
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law of conservation of matter
law of conservation of energy
thermal expansion
conductivity
Which of the following changes
of state do atoms or molecules
become more ordered?
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Boiling
Melting
Condensation
sublimation
Which of the following
describes what happens as the
temperature of a gas in balloon
increases?
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the speed of the particles decrease
the volume of the gas decreases
the volume of the gas increases
the pressure decreases
During diffusion the molecules
diffuse
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from high to low concentration
diffuse faster in cold temperatures
from low to high concentration
diffuse slower in hot temperatures
• Which diagram could represent a
substance in the liquid state?
• How many grams of potassium nitrate
(KNO3) will settle out when a
saturated solution containing 100
grams of water is cooled from 70°C to
50°C
An atom's mass number equals
the number of
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protons plus the number of electrons.
electrons plus neutrons.
protons plus the number of neutrons.
protons
Ionization refers to the process
of
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losing or gaining neutrons
losing or gaining a nucleus.
losing or gaining protons.
losing or gaining electrons.
Carbon has atomic number 6.
This means that an carbon atom
has
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six neutrons in its nucleus.
six protons in its nucleus.
a total of six protons and neutrons.
a total of six neutrons and electrons.
Which statement about the
atomic nucleus is correct?
• The nucleus is made of protons and
neutrons and has a negative charge.
• The nucleus is made of protons and
neutrons and has a positive charge.
• The nucleus is made of electrons and
has a positive charge.
• The nucleus is made of electrons and
has a negative charge.
1s2 2s2 2p6 - This is called the
__________ configuration.
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Proton
Electron
Neutron
atomic
When an atom loses an electron
the atom gains a ________
charge.
• Positive
• Neutral
• negative
Atoms that have a different
number of neutrons than listed
on the periodic table are called
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Atoms
Isotopes
Ions
compounds
Atoms have no electric
charge because they
• have an equal number of charged
and noncharged particles.
• have neutrons in their nuclei.
• have an equal number of electrons
and protons.
• have an equal number of neutrons
and protons.
An atom that has an electrical
charge is a/an __________.
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Element
Isotope
Ion
molecule
Atoms that have a different
number of electrons than listed
on the periodic table are called
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Atoms
isotopes
ions
compounds
According to modern atomic
theory, it is nearly impossible
to determine an electron's exact
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color.
Charge
position.
mass.
When an atom gains an electron
the atom gains a ________
charge.
• Positive
• Neutral
• negative
According to Bohr's theory, an
electron's path around the
nucleus defines its
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electric charge.
energy level.
atomic mass.
speed.
The order of elements in the
periodic table is based on
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the number of protons in the nucleus.
atomic mass
atomic number
both a & c are correct
The small particles that make
up protons and neutrons are
called
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Mesons
Nucleons
Gluons
quarks
What is the greatest number of
energy levels and atom may
possess?
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2
10
7
18
Which two elements are isotopes of one
another?
Element A = 15p+, 15e-, 15n
Element B = 15p+, 15e-, 16n
Element C = 14p+, 14e-, 16n
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A&B
B&C
A&C
none of the above
The atomic number of the
element carbon is:
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6
12
7
34
The three carbon isotopes all
have:
• the same number of neutrons
• the same mass number
• an equal number of protons and
electrons
• an equal number of neutrons and
protons
Carbon-13 has
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6 protons and 7 electrons
6 protons and 7 neutrons
7 protons and 6 electrons
13 protons
If the isotope of an element
contains 8 protons, 9 neutrons
and 8 electrons, what would the
atomic number and mass of the
atom be?
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atomic number = 8, atomic mass = 17
atomic number = 9, atomic mass = 17
atomic number = 8, atomic mass = 26
atomic number = 9, atomic mass = 26
Metalloids have characteristics
similar to
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Metals
metals and nonmetals
Nonmetals
noble gases
Group 18 noble gases are inert
because
• they readily form positive ions.
• they can have either a positive or a
negative charge.
• their outermost energy level is missing
one electron.
• their outermost energy level is full.
Alkali metals are extremely
reactive because they
• have very small atomic masses.
• are not solids at room temperature.
• have one valence electron that is
easily removed to form a positive ion.
• have two valence electrons that form
compounds with calcium and
magnesium.
Transition metals such as copper
or tungsten form compounds by
• gaining electrons to form negative
ions.
• losing electrons to form positive
ions.
• losing neutrons.
• gaining protons.
Neon and other nonmetals are
found in which area of the
periodic table?
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On the left-most side.
On the right side.
In the middle of the periodic table.
Along the stair-step line.
Atoms of elements that are in
the same group have the
same number of
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protons.
valence electrons.
neutrons.
protons and neutrons.
Which element has the largest
atomic radius?
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Boron
Nitrogen
Carbon
oxygen
The diagram above shows the periodic
table and has elements in various
locations noted by letters. Which
element has chemical properties
similar to those of element A?
The element krypton is located
in Group 18. Predict the state
of matter and chemical
reactivity of krypton
• Krypton is a solid halogen that reacts
easily with alkali metals.
• Krypton is a gaseous halogen that
reacts easily with alkaline earth metals.
• Krypton is a noble gas that does not
react easily with anything.
• Krypton is a noble gas that reacts
easily with alkaline metals.
Most halogens form compounds
by
• gaining an electron to form a negative
ion.
• losing an electron to form a positive
ion.
• losing protons.
• joining with both calcium and carbon.
Each molecule of hydrochloric
acid, HCl, contains one atom
of hydrogen and
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one atom of chlorine.
two atoms of chlorine.
one atom of oxygen.
two atoms of oxygen.
How many total hydrogen
atoms are present in one
molecule of ammonium acetate
NH4C2H3O2?
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3
7
4
11
In which type of bond do atoms
share electrons?
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ionic bonds
metallic bonds
covalent bonds
all bonds
Ni2O3 is named nickel(III)
oxide because it contains
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three oxygen atoms.
three nickel atoms.
Ni3+ ions.
O3+ ions.
Why do noble gases NOT form
compounds easily?
• They have no electrons.
• Their outer energy levels are
completely filled with electrons.
• They have empty outer energy
levels.
• They have 7 electrons in their outer
energy level.
In a chemical formula, the
number of molecules in the
compound is represented by the
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subscript.
coefficient.
Superscript
oxidation number.
Which compound is formed
from a tight network of
oppositely charged ions?
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sugar, C12H22O11
water, H2O
quartz, SiO2
salt, NaCl
What is the total number of
atoms in the compound
Ca(ClO3)2?
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3
9
8
12
Covalent bonds are formed
between
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ions.
nonmetal atoms.
metals atoms.
metals and nonmetals.
Helium is an element, so helium
is composed of
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Compounds
helium atoms
hydrogen atoms
different elements
In the atoms of the compound
water, the elements hydrogen
and oxygen
• are mixed together.
• are joined together to form a
compound.
• have changed into liquid elements.
• have changed into different elements.
When zinc combines with
oxygen to form zinc(II) oxide,
the charge of the zinc ion is
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Zn1+.
Zn3+.
Zn2+.
Zn4+.
The name for the compound
with the formula Mn2O3 would
be written as
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manganese(I) oxide.
manganese oxygen.
manganese(II) oxide.
manganese(III) oxide.
The chemical formula for water,
H2O, means that each water
molecule contains
• two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen
atoms.
• two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen
atom.
• two hydrogen atoms and zero oxygen
atoms.
• one hydrogen atom and two oxygen
atoms.
The name for the compound
with the formula CuCl2
would be written as
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copper(II) chloride.
copper chlorine.
copper(I) chloride.
copper(III) chloride.
Often atoms join so that each
atom will have
• an even number of electrons.
• an outermost energy level that is
full of electrons.
• an equal number of protons and
electrons.
• more electrons than either protons
or neutrons.
The most common state of
matter in the universe is
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Solid
Gas
Liquid
plasma
How many hydrogen atoms
are in this molecule
2(NH2)2HPO4
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2
5
4
10
The chemical symbol for
sulfuric acid is 2NH4(SO4)2.
How many total atoms are
contained in a molecule of
sulfuric acid?
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13
18
15
30
An ionic bond is a bond that
forms between
• ions with opposite charges.
• atoms with neutral charges.
• one atom's nucleus and another
atom's electrons.
• nonmetals and nonmetals..
Water is considered a polar
molecule because
• the molecule has a net positive
charge
• the molecule has a net zero charge
• the molecule has a net negative
charge
• the ends of the molecule have partial
negative and positive charges
What type of substance is shown above?
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a covalent compound
an ionic compound
a gas
a liquid
• What type of molecule is shown in the
diagram above?
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a polar molecule
a non polar molecule
an ionic molecule
a shared molecule
An atom that shares electrons
unevenly between the atoms
is called
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Nonpolar
Ionic
Polar
neutral