Catalyst – pick up a periodic table
1. Draw the particle arrangement for
solids, liquids, and gases.
2. Rank the three states of matter in
order from fastest to slowest.
3. In the figure, why does the clay
box float in the water?
Today’s Objectives
 SWBAT identify the atomic number, atomic mass,
and chemical symbol of elements using the periodic
table.
 SWBAT calculate the number of protons, neutrons,
and electrons in an atom of an element using the
periodic table.
Chemistry
changes the
way you look
at the world.
The Periodic Table of Elements
 All elements are listed and
organized in the periodic
table of elements
 The periodic table was
developed by a Russian
chemist named Dmitri
Mendeleev.
What does PERIODIC mean?
“Periodic” means that there is some kind
of pattern.
 In the Periodic Table, there are numerous patterns
 What about in regular life? How could you group
the following items in different ways?
The Periodic Table
The periodic table organizes the
elements into many different groups
(categories) based on physical and
chemical properties.
 We will learn about the major ways to group the
elements – by…



Family
Metals/metalloids/nonmetals
Valence Electrons
Atoms
 All matter is made of atoms
 Atoms are the smallest unit of an element that still
retain the element’s properties
 Different atoms are what makes elements different
from each other
Groups (families) and Periods
 Vertical columns on the periodic
table are called groups
(families)
Elements
in the same group have
similar chemical and physical
properties
 Horizontal rows on the periodic
table are called periods
Practice Using Your Periodic Table!
 What
period is Calcium (Ca) in?
 What group is Chromium (Cr) in?
 What period is Mercury (Hg) in?
 What group is Zinc (Zn) in?
 What period and group is Sulfur in?
More Practice!
 We know that elements in the same group have
similar properties, so…
 Would Beryllium (Be) be more similar to Nickel (Ni)
or Strontium (Sr)?
 Would Gold (Au) be more similar to Copper (Cu) or
Silicon (Si)?
 Would Manganese (Mn) be similar to Iron (Fe)?
Review: Subatomic
Particles
+
p

e-
N
°
Relative means
compared to others
Subatomic Particles
Subatomic
Particle
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Location
Relative Mass
NUCLEUS
1 amu
NUCLEUS
1 amu
OUTSIDE
NUCLEUS
1/1840 amu
(virtually zero!)
Relative
Charge
1+
NEUTRAL
1-
Reading the Periodic Table
Atomic Number
Chemical Symbol
Atomic Mass
Atomic Number
 The atomic number is the whole
number in the periodic table
 It is the number of protons in
the nucleus (the center) of an
atom in an element

Atomic Number = Number of
Protons
 Hydrogen has an atomic number
of 1 because there is 1 proton
only in the atom’s nucleus
Atomic Number is an Element’s ID Number
 Who is #9 on the Grizzlies?
 Like your social security number or a professional
athlete’s jersey number, it identifies that element
Atomic Number
 Each element has a different atomic number.
 The Periodic Table is ordered by increasing atomic
number
 In a neutral atom, # of protons = # of electrons
Q: How many protons are in Carbon?
Chemical Symbol
 The chemical symbol abbreviates the element’s name
 A chemical symbol is either one or two letters
 The first letter of the chemical symbol is always
CAPITALIZED


Ex: He is the chemical symbol for helium
Ex: H is the chemical symbol for hydrogen
 A chemical symbol does not always correlate with the
English name of the element. Latin is frequently
used.

Ex: Pb is the chemical symbol for lead (lead is plumbum in
Latin)
Chemical Symbols
• Capitals matter!
• Element symbols contain ONE capital letter
followed by lowercase letter(s) if necessary.
Metal that
forms bright
blue solid
compounds.
Co vs. CO
Poisonous
gas.
Atomic mass
 The atomic mass is the mass of an element
measured in a.m.u.
 The atomic mass is equal to the number of
protons plus the number neutrons in an
element
Electrons in Elements
 All elements have no charge
(neutral) in their pure form
 This
means that the number of protons is equal
to number of electrons.
 Therefore, in neutral atoms, the atomic number
will also equal the number of electrons
 How
many electrons does Oxygen have?
 How many electrons does Calcium have?
Electrons in Elements
 All elements have no charge
(neutral) in their pure form
 This
means that the number of protons is equal
to number of electrons.
 Therefore, in neutral atoms, the atomic number
will also equal the number of electrons
 How
many electrons does Oxygen have? 8
 How many electrons does Calcium have? 20
The Number of Neutrons in an Atom
To find the number of neutrons in an atom use the
following formula:
Neutrons= Atomic Mass-Atomic Number
Ex. To find the number of neutrons in a Carbon
atom you would subtract the
Atomic Mass (12) - Atomic number (6) this =
6 neutrons
Atomic Math Bylaws
Atomic number = number of
_______________.
PROTONS
2. Number of protons = number of
_______________(in
a neutral atom).
ELECTRONS
3. Atomic mass = number of
_________________
plus the number of
PROTONS
NEUTRONS
_________________.
4. Number of neutrons = Atomic Mass –
Atomic Number
1.
Check for Understanding
Practice
Question #1
Question #2
 How many protons
 A Fluorine (F) atom
does a Phosphorus (P)
atom have?
has 10 neutrons. What
is its atomic mass?
Practice
Question #1
Question #2
 How many protons
 A Fluorine (F) atom
does a Phosphorus (P)
atom have?
 15
has 10 neutrons. What
is its atomic mass?
 9+10= 19
More Practice
Question #3
Question #4
 Determine the atomic
 Which element has an
number of the
following elements:



Fe
Pb
Na
atomic mass of 15 and
has 7 neutrons?

What if it had 8 neutrons
and the same mass as
above?
More Practice
Question #3
Question #4
 Determine the atomic
 Which element has an
number of the
following elements:



Fe-26
Pb-82
Na-11
atomic mass of 15 and
has 7 neutrons?

O
 What if it had 8
neutrons and the
same mass as above?

N
Quick Review!
Atomic Mass: Add what two things?
2. Atomic Number: is the number of what two
things?
1.
Quick Review!
1.
Atomic Mass: Add what two things?
Protons + Neutrons = Atomic Mass
2. Atomic Number: is the number of what two
things?
Protons and Electrons
(Remember: P.E.)
Independent Practice
 Complete silently and independently
 Be sure to staple this into your notebook
 Show Ms. P when you have finished
 http://www.chemicool.com/