Election of 1800
Review
• Candidates: Federalist > John Adams
w/T.Pinckney
Democratic-Republican> Thomas Jefferson
w/Aaron Burr (73 Electoral Votes each)
Tie decided by House of Representatives & Jefferson becomes our 3rd Prez
Revolution=Unprecedented change of party power in prez
administration – peaceful due to conciliation by
the Demo-Republicans
Demo-Rep Changes in policy
• Alien & Sedition Acts expire in 1801
• Pardoning of those convicted under Sedition Act
• Changes in Treasury Dept. & fed. Financial programs
*Albert Gallatin – new Secretary of the Treasury
Repeal of excise taxes (targeting farmers)
Military spending reduced drastically
Many federal elements allowed to remain: BUS, mildly protective
tariff, paying debts at par, etc.
Sources of government revenue $$ - tariffs & sale of western lands
GOAL** to balance the budget & pay down the national debt
(actually lowered from $80 million to $57 million in 8 yrs)
Republican Changes, cont.
• 12th Amendment added to Constitution, 1804
• Foreign Slave Traded ended in 1808 (per decision at
Constitutional Convention)
• Thomas Jefferson’s changes in style of gov’t
more informal personal & professional style
more frugal attitude
more relaxed atmosphere
Changes in Judiciary Branch, 1801
• Judiciary Act of 1801 -
while under Federalist control
before inauguration of Jefferson
• “Midnight Judges”> Federalist attempt to pack the courts
with Federalist judges before March 4th
• Marbury v. Madison, 1803
* Case Background
* Ruling & importance :
Judicial Review* BIG
* first time a law was ever declared unconstitutional by Sup Court
* Goals of Federalist Chief Justice John Marshall p. 207
Purchase of Louisiana, 1803
p. 208
• Jefferson desires to expand agrarian nation
• Transfer of Louisiana from Spain to France
Secret treaty of San Ildefonso in 1800 between France & Spain
• Sale negotiations & purchase treaty –
*creates moral dilemma for T.J.
WHY?????
• Federalist reaction to purchase & expansion of U.S.
• Lewis & Clark’s Corp of Discovery explore
Louisiana, 1804 – 1807 (2 ½ years)
* Sacagawea
* Claim to Oregon Country established
• Zebulon Pike explores southern Louisiana, 1805 – 1807
*Pikes’ Peak named
Foreign Issues under Jefferson
• Barbary Coast Wars 1801 – 1805
* Intermittent fighting in the Mediterranean
* Protection $$ demanded by pirates of African nations
* “Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute.”
* Role of Stephen Decatur
• Harrassment of American shipping by Britain
and France
• USS Chesapeake –HMS Leopard incident, 1807
• Jefferson’s Embargo Act or 1807: goals & results