Study Guide: Unit 5
A. George Washington (1789-1797)
 Federal Judiciary Act of 1789
Gave the supreme court a chief justice, 6 members, and assocate justice
 Cabinet
Secretary of war: Henry Knox
Secretary of state: Thomas Jefferson
Political Party?
None
secretary of treasury: Alexander Hamilton
 Alexander Hamilton secretary of treasury
Financial Plan
1. paying off war debts
2. raising government revenues
3. National Bank
What did people think of the idea of a National Bank?
Didn’t like that there someone with all this power
What were Hamilton’s thoughts & beliefs of finances?
People who were owed money would be repaid and taxes would be paid back
What were tariffs for?
Raising money to pay back any war debts and growth of industries
 Elastic Clause
Proper interpretation of the constitution with the generations
 Whiskey Rebellion
Rebellion by farmers in western Pennsylvania against the Whiskey tax
 Washington’s Farewell Address
Warned against political parties; reman neutral and don’t form alliances with other nations
Political Parties
1. Federalist Party
Strong national government; loose interpretation; economy on industry
2. Democratic-Republican Party
Weak national government; strict interpretation; economy on agriculture
B. John Adams (1797 –1801)
Political Party?
 X, Y, Z Affair
Federalist
3 french agents who attempted to bribe American representatives in Paris and they will stop
bothering U.S.
“Millions for defense, not one cent for tribute”
 Federalists Alien and Sedition Act of 1798
Targeted immigrants and saying anything bad about the government whether through speech or
writing. Immigrants would have a larger extended time of becoming citizens
C. Thomas Jefferson (1801 – 1809)
Political Party?
 What was Jefferson’s philosophy?
D.R.
Nation to be a simple nation of independent farmers
 Jefferson’s Advise
Stay out of other countries affairs
 Marbury vs. Madison court case
What was the case about and the ruling?
Marbury sued for his job given to him by J. Adams. Madison refused to give it to him
What came out of this case?
Unconstitutional
Judicial Review: Supreme court has power to say what is constitutional (Final Say)
Judiciary Act of 1801
President Adams appointed as many federalist judges as he could before Jefferson took office.
Created all levels of the courts
John Marshall
Appointed Chief Justice of Supreme Court by John Adams
Judicial Review
Court has final interpretation
 Louisiana Purchase of 1803
Purchased from France for $15 million by Thomas Jefferson instead of New Orleans Port only
What did the Louisiana Purchase give to the U.S.?
Doubled the size of U.S.; encouraged Manifest Destiny
 Meriwether Lewis and William Clark Expedition
What were they hired for?
To explore the Louisana territory; to explore the Missouri River and find a water route to go
across the continent; good relations with Native Americans; report of plants, animals and soil
What did they bring back that was valuable?
A wealth of scientific and geographic knowledge
 Embargo Act of 1807
American ships weren’t allowed to sail to foreign ports. American ports closed to British ships
Why was Act placed?
Economy drops
British attack the Chesapeake
D. James Madison (1809 – 1817)
Political Party?
War of 1812 War between the U.S and British
What was the war over?
Impressments of sailors
Interfere with American shipping
British support of Native American resistance
Who won the Battle of New Orleans and what did it do?
Jackson defeated the British
Federalist
What did the Treaty if Ghent show?
4 Consequences:
1. foreign affairs to defend itself
2. economy manufacturing
3. frontier defeated British and Natives
4. patriotism/Nationalism grew
E. James Monroe (1817-1825)
Political Party?
 American System
D.R.
3 Parts
1. establish a protective system
2. establish a national bank
3. transportation system
 Erie Canal
Transport of goods on this man made canal; amazing modification to environment
 Gibbons vs. Ogden (1824) Case:
Interstate commerce case over Hudson river and transports
 McCulloch vs. Maryland (1819) Case:
Federal government case over taxing the bank
 Monroe Doctrine (1823)
Placed over Europen countries entering into North America
 Missouri Compromise of 1820
Set boundaries for slavery
What did the Missouri Compromise help do?
gave statehood to Missouri (slave) and Maine (free)