Los Cognados y Cognados Falsos
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Los Cognados y Cognados Falsos Cognates and False Cognates Nouns Many Spanish nouns can easily be converted into English nouns. English nouns and Spanish nouns ending in ‘-or’ are very often identical. #1. -or = -or English Spanish actor color doctor director actor color doctor director Nouns English nouns and Spanish nouns ending in ‘-al’ are often identical. #2. -al = -al English Spanish animal animal general general hospital hospital manual manual moral moral Nouns Many English nouns ending with ‘-ist’, can be converted into Spanish nouns by changing to ‘-ista’. #3. -ist → -ista English Spanish artista artist lista list socialista socialist tourist turista Nouns #4. -ism → -ismo English idealism realism mechanism optimism organism Spanish idealismo realismo mechanismo optimismo organismo Nouns #5. -nce → -ncia English abundance arrogance experience patience intelligence Spanish abundancia arrogancia experiencia paciencia inteligencia Nouns #6. -ty → -dad English activity curiosity electricity identity university Spanish actividad curiosidad electricidad identidad universidad Nouns #7. -tion → -ción English association combination condition exemption instruction Spanish asociación combinación condición exempción instrución Nouns English nouns ending with ‘-y’ often correspond to Spanish nouns ending with ‘-ía’, ‘ia’, or ‘io’. #8. -y → '-ía', '-ia', or '-io' English agency agony battery family history salary testimony dictionary Spanish agencia agonía batería familia historia salario testimonio diccionario Adjectives Like nouns, many English adjectives can be converted into Spanish simply by changing the word ending. Here are some useful rules. #1. -ive → ivo English active decisive festive effective indicative Spanish activo decisivo festivo efectivo indicativo Adjectives #2. -al = -al English brutal usual local criminal natural Spanish brutal usual local criminal natural Adjectives #4. -ic → -ico English magnetic fantastic electric artistic automatic Spanish magnético fantástico eléctrico artístico automático Adjectives #5. -ble = -ble English admirable impossible terrible favorable notable Spanish admirable imposible terrible favorable notable Adjectives #6. -nt → -nte English ignorant convenient prudent important triumphant Spanish ignorante conveniente prudente importante triunfante Adjectives #7. -id → -ido English stupid lucid splendid candid solid Spanish estúpido lúcido espléndido cándido sólido Adjectives #8. -ile → -il English agile fragile mobile juvenile automobile Spanish ágil frágil móvil juvenil automóvil Adjectives #9. -ary → -ario English Spanish arbitrary ordinary imaginary arbitrario ordinario imaginario Adverbs In English, "-ly" combines with many adjectives to form adverbs. In Spanish, "-mente" combines with (feminine) adjectives to form Spanish adverbs. -ly → -mente English absolutely normally naturally finally correctly exactly evidently difficultly Spanish absolutamente normalmente naturalmente finalmente correctamente exactamente evidentemente dificilmente False Cognates Many words appears to be similar in English and Spanish, but do not have the same meaning. These are called “false cognates”. Below are a few examples of false cognates. 1.) embarazada – pregnant Does not mean “embarrassed”. embarrassed = avergonzado 2.) bizarro – brave; valiant Does not mean “strange” or “bizarre” strange; bizarre = extraño; raro 3.) asistir – to attend Does not mean “to assist” to assist = ayudar (to help) 4.) éxito – success Does not mean “exit” exit = salida 5.) fábrica – factory Does not mean “fabric” fabric = tejido
