CHAPTER 8 TEST
REVIEW
The South and West Transformed
1865-1900
PEOPLE, PLACES & THINGS
 cash crop
a crop grown not for its own use but to be sold
 Farmers’ Alliance
 Civil Rights Act of 1875
legislation that gave black citizens the right to ride trains and use
other public facilities
 Reservation
a specific area set aside by the U.S. government for the use of
Indians
PEOPLE, PLACES & THINGS
 vigilante
a self-appointed enforcer of the law
 Transcontinental railroad
a rail link between the East and the West
 land grant
 open range
a system by which branded cattle were allowed to graze freely
on unfenced property
 Homestead Act
legislation that provided farm plots for people willing to live
on and develop the land for five years
PEOPLE, PLACES & THINGS
 Sitting Bull
Sioux Chief respected as a fighter and spiritual leader
 Little Big Horn
the site of a victory by Indians led by Crazy Horse over 250 U.S. soldiers
led by General George Custer
 Chief Joseph
 Wounded Knee
the site where over 100 fleeing Indians were killed by U.S. troops
 assimilate
to absorb into the culture of a population or group
PEOPLE, PLACES & THINGS
 Dawes General Allotment Act
 Sand Creek Massacre
 Exodusters
MAIN IDEAS
 What crops did southern farmers mainly grow during Reconstruction?
Tobacco and cotton
 How did white settlement of the West change the lives of Native
Americans?
It forced them from their lands and traditional ways of life
 What was the Native Americans’ situation at the end of the Indian
Wars?
They were forced to move west or north or to live on reservations.
 Beginning in the mid-1800s, why did large numbers of people move out
West?
to strike it rich by finding gold or silver.
MAIN IDEAS
 If federal amendments protected African American rights, why did they
still experience inequality such as segregation and limited ability to vote?
because the Supreme Court allowed local and state courts to make laws
for each local area
 What was the purpose of the Farmer’s Alliance?
to negotiate lower prices for supplies
 How did new railroads benefit western cattle ranchers?
provided a way to transport meat to eastern markets
 What was life like for a typical Homesteader?
lonely, difficult, harsh