Properties of Matter
Section 2.1
2.1
Properties of Matter
 Bamboo has properties
that make it a good
choice for use in
chopsticks. It has no
noticeable odor or taste.
It is hard, yet easy to
split, and it is heat
resistant.
 Which of these properties
is physical? Which is
chemical?
2.1
Properties of Matter
 There are 2 types of properties you’ll be
studying this year: intensive and
extensive
2.1
Properties of Matter
 Extensive Properties
 An extensive property is a property that
depends on the amount of matter in a
sample
 The mass of an object is a measure of the
amount of matter the object contains.
 The volume of an object is a measure of the
space occupied by the object.
2.1
Properties of Matter
 Intensive Properties
 An intensive property
is a property that
depends on the type of
matter in a sample, not
the amount of matter.
 The hardness or density
of a bowling ball is an
example of an intensive
property.
 Flammability, reactivity,
and color are other
intensive properties
2.1
Identifying Substances
 Matter that has a uniform and definite
composition is called a substance.
 Substances may be elements or compounds
 The substance seen below is an element:
Cu. (Copper)
2.1
Intensive vs. Extensive Properties
 Will all samples of the same substance
have the same extensive properties?
 No. Extensive properties depend on the
AMOUNT of matter, not what the matter
is composed of.
 Will all samples of the same
substance have the same intensive
properties?
 Yes. Intensive properties depend on what
the matter is composed of.
2.1
Using Properties to Identify
Substances
 A physical property is a quality or
condition of a substance that can be
observed or measured without changing
the substance’s composition.
 In other words, observing the property doesn’t
change the identity of the substance.
 Water is still Water. Paper is still Paper, etc.
 Hardness (or density), color, conductivity,
and malleability are examples of physical
properties.
2.1
Examples of Physical Properties
2.1
States of Matter
 Three states of matter are solid, liquid,
and gas.
2.1
States of Matter
 Solids
 A solid is a form of matter
that has a definite shape
and volume.
 Particles move in placevibrate
 Attractions are strong
enough that particles can’t
move past each other
 Particles are close
together
2.1
States of Matter
 Liquid
 A liquid is a form of matter that
has an indefinite shape, flows,
yet has a fixed volume.
 Attractions are strong enough to
keep particles close but weak
enough to let particles move
past each other
2.1
States of Matter
 Gases
 A gas is a form of matter
that takes both the shape
and volume of its
container.
 Particles have very little
attraction for each other
and move very quickly, so
they can move past each
other easily
 Particles are far apart
States of Matter
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2.1
States of Matter
 Vapor describes the gaseous state
of a substance that is generally a
liquid or solid at room temperature
 Like water vapor
2.1
Physical Changes
 During a physical
change, some properties
of a material change, but
the composition of the
material does not
change.
 In the picture, you can
see Gallium melting- it
was gallium when it was
solid and still is gallium
as a liquid
2.1
Physical Changes
Physical changes can be classified as
reversible or irreversible.
• All physical changes that involve a
change from one state to another are
reversible.
• Cutting hair, filing nails, and cracking
an egg are examples of irreversible
physical changes.