THE END OF WWI:
11/11/1918
Germany surrenders to the Allies and ends WWI
END OF WWI
• Paris Peace Conference: where
the Treaty of Versailles was
created mostly by the Big Four
•
Excluded Russia and Central Powers
(Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman
Empire, Bulgaria)
PEACE CONFERENCE NEGOTIATIONS
•
Big Four: Leaders of the Paris Peace
Conference consisting of Woodrow Wilson
(USA), David Lloyd George (Great Britain),
Georges Clemenceau (France), Vittorio
Emmanuelle Orlando (Italy)
•
•
They dominated negotiations
There were 32 nations present
PEACE CONFERENCE NEGOTIATIONS
PEACE CONFERENCE NEGOTIATIONS
•
Treaty of Versailles: the peace settlement created at the Paris
Peace Conference. It was not accepted by the United States.
•
Officially ended WWI!
WOODROW WILSON’S VISION FOR
PEACE NEGOTIATIONS
• 14
Points: Woodrow Wilson’s plan for world
peace
•
called for ending secret treaties, freedom of
seas and trade, reduction of arms, selfdetermination, and the creation of League of
Nations (among many more)
BLAME GERMANY!
•
War Guilt Clause: found in the Treaty of Versailles, it placed
blame for WWI on Germany
•
Germany was forced to pay reparations, payment amounting
to $33 billion, to the Allies
CHANGES IN TERRITORY
Self-determination and Mandates
SELF DETERMINATION & MANDATES
•
Self-determination=the process by which a country determines
its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and
government.
•
Mandate=an official order or commission to do something.
USA AND THE TREATY
•
The US Senate had many
issues with the Treaty and
were split into several
camps:
•
•
Irreconcilables (Reps)
Reservationists (Reps)
•
•
Mild and Strong
Supporting Democrats
Reminder: 2/3 majority needed to
ratify treaty
USA AND THE TREATY
•
Main point of contention: League of Nations
League of Nations: an international body created by the Treaty of Versailles
to solve disputes between nations diplomatically
USA AND THE TREATY
Woodrow Wilson v. Henry Cabot Lodge
•
Wilson hoped to pass the Treaty of Versailles with the League
of Nations included
•
Senator Lodge had issues with the Treaty, especially with the
League of Nations and issues 14 “reservations” (added to the
Treaty by Senate)
THE MAIN POINTS OF THE TREATY [BRAT] BE SURE
YOU STUDY THESE FOUR MAIN POINTS
•
1. Blame: Germany had to accept blame
for starting the war. This was vital because
it provided the justification for the
aggression of Germany and her allies.
•
2. Reparations: Germany had to pay for the
damage done during the war.
•
3. Army: Germany was forbidden to have
submarines or an air force. Army of just
100,000 men. In addition, German was not
allowed to place any troops in the
Rhineland, the strip of land, next to France.
•
4. Territory: Germany lost territory (land) in
Europe, Germany’s colonies were given to
Britain and France.
THE END of WWI! You made it! Your prize:
A TEST TO FOLLOW