Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
1
TISSUES
• A TISSUE IS MADE OF MANY SIMILAR CELLS
WITH SIMILAR FUNCTIONS.
• EACH TYPE OF TISSUE IS DISTIGUISHED BY
THE STRUCTURE OF ITS CELLS AND THE
FUNCTIONS IT PERFORMS.
THERE ARE FOUR BASIC TYPES:• EPITHELIAL TISSUE
• CONNECTIVE TISSUE
• MUSCLE TISSUE
• NERVOUS TISSUE
2
EPITHELIAL TISSUES
• EPITHELIAL TISSUES ARE CLASSIFIED BY
THE NUMBER OF CELL LAYERS AND THE
SHAPE OF THE CELLS IN THE TISSUES.
• THE FUNCTION OF EACH EPITHELIAL TISSUE
DEPENDS ON ITS SPECIFIC LOCATION AND
THE TYPE OF THE TISSUE.
THESE FUNCTIONS INCLUDE:• PROTECTION
• ABSORPTION
• FILTERATION
• SECRETION
3
TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUES
SIMLE EPITHELIUM:• SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
• SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
• SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
• PSEUDOSTRATIFIED CILIATED COLUMNAR
EPITHELIUM
STRATIFIED EPITHELIUM:• STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
• TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM
4
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
• MADE BY A SINGLE LAYER OF FLAT
CELLS.
• FOUND IN THE HEART, BLOOD VESSELS,
LUNGS AND KIDNEYS.
• FUNCTIONS ARE FILTERATION,
SECRETION AND ABSORPTION.
5
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
6
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
7
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
• MADE BY A SINGLE LAYER OF CUBE -
SHAPED CELLS.
• FOUND IN THE KIDNEYS, OVARIES AND
SOME GLANDS.
• FUNCTIONS ARE ABSORPTION AND
SECRETION.
8
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
9
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
10
SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
• MADE BY A SINGLE LAYER OF COLUMN –
SHAPED CELLS PLUS GOBLET CELLS.
• THE GOBLET CELLS SECRETE MUCUS.
• FOUND IN THE STOMACH, INTESTINES
AND MANY GLANDS.
• FUNCTIONS ARE ABSORPTION AND
SECRETION.
11
SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
12
SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
13
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED CILIATED
COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
• MADE BY A SINGLE LAYER OF CILIATED
COLUMNAR CELLS THAT LOOK LIKE THEY
ARE MORE THAN ONE LAYER PLUS SOME
COBLET CELLS THAT SECRETE MUCUS.
• FOUND IN THE UPPER RESPIRATORY
TRACT LINNING.
• MUCUS TRAP DUST PARTICLES AND THE
BEATING CILIA REMOVE THE MUCUS.
14
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED CILIATED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
15
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED CILIATED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
16
STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS
EPITHELIUM
• MADE BY SEVERAL LAYERS OF CUBOIDAL
CELLS THAT BECOME FLATTENED AS
THEY APPROACH THE TISSUE SURFACE.
• FOUND ON THE SKIN SURFACE, LINNIG
OF MOUTH, ESOPHAGUS AND VAGINA.
• FUNCTION FOR PROTECTION.
17
STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
18
STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
19
TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM
• MADE BY SEVERAL LAYERS OF LARGE
ROUNDED CELLS THAT BECOME FLAT
WHEN STRETCHED.
• FOUND IN THE INTERIOR LINNING OF
THE URINARY BLADDER.
• FUNCTION IS TO PERMIT STRETCHING
OF THE URINARY BLADDER WALL.
20
TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM
21
TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM
22
CONNECTIVE TISSUES
• THEY ARE THE MOST ABUNDANT TISSUES IN
THE BODY THAT SUPPORT AND BIND OTHER
TISSUES TOGETHER.
CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER:• LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
• FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE
• ELASTIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE
• ADIPOSE TISSUE
SPECIALIZED CONNECTIVE TISSUE:• CARTILAGE – BONE – BLOOD.
23
LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
• MADE BY A LOOSE ARRANGEMENT OF
COLLAGENOUS & ELASTIC FIBERS IN A
GEL-LIKE MATERIAL & SOME SCATTERD
FIBROBLASTS.
• FOUND UNDER THE SKIN, IN INTERNAL
ORGANS, BLOOD VESSELS AND NERVES.
• FUNCTION FOR ATTACHMENT OF THE
SKIN & SUPPORT OF INTERNAL ORGANS.
24
LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
25
LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
26
ADIPOSE TISSUE
• MADE BY CLOSELY PACKED FAT CELLS.
• FOUND UNDER THE SKIN AND AROUND
INTERNAL ORGANS.
• FUNCTION FOR ENERGY STORAGE AS
FAT, BODY INSULATION AND FORMS
PROTECTIVE CUSHIONS AROUND THE
INTERNAL ORGANS.
27
ADIPOSE TISSUE
28
ADIPOSE TISSUE
29
FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE
• MADE BY TIGHT PACKED COLLAGENOUS
SEPARATED BY ROWS OF FIBROBLASTS.
• FOUND IN TENDONS, LIGAMENTS, SKIN
AND FIBROUS CAPSULES AROUND SOME
INTERNAL ORGANS.
• FUNCTION FOR ATTACHMENT OF BONES
TO MUSCLES, BONES TO BONES AND
PROTECTION OF INTERNAL ORGANS.
30
FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE
31
FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE
32
ELASTIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE
• MADE BY LOTS OF ELASTIC FIBERS PLUS
SOME SCATTERED FIBROBLASTS.
• FOUND IN LUNGS, AIR PASSAGES AND
BLOOD VESSELS.
• FUNCTION FOR FLEXIBILITY BY
ALLOWING EXPANSION & CONTRACTION
OF THESE STRUCTURES.
33
SPECIALIZED CONNECTIVE TISSUE
CARTILAGE:• HYALINE CARTILAGE IN THE JOINTS.
• ELASTIC CARTILAGE IN LARYNX & EAR.
• FIBROCARTILAGE IN VERTEBRAL DISKS.
BONE:- HARDEST & MOST RIGID TISSUE.
BLOOD:- LIQUID PLASMA & BLOOD CELLS
34
HYALINE CARTILAGE
35
HYALINE CARTILAGE
36
ELASTIC CARTILAGE
37
ELASTIC CARTILAGE
38
FIBROCARTILAGE
39
BONE
40
BONE
41
BLOOD
42
BLOOD
43
MUSCLE TISSUES
• SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE:VOLUNTARY MUSCLES ATTACHED TO
BONES THAT ALLOW BODY MOVEMENT.
• SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE:INVOLUNTARY MUSCLES FOUND INSIDE
HOLLOW ORGANS AND BLOOD VESSELS.
• CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE:INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE FOUND IN THE HEART.
44
SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE
45
SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE
46
CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE
47
CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE
48
SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE
49
SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE
50
NERVE TISSUE
• MADE OF NEURONS {NERVE CELLS} AND
NEUROGLIA {SUPPORTING CELLS}.
• NEURONS FUNCTION FOR IMPULSE
FORMATION AND TRANSMISSION.
• NEUROGLIA FUNTION IS TO NOURISH,
INSULATE AND PROTECT THE NEURONS.
• NERVE TISSUE FORM THE BRAIN, SPINAL
CORD AND NERVES.
51
NERVE TISSUE
52
NERVE TISSUE
53
BODY MEMBRANES
• BODY MEMBRANES ARE THIN SHEETS OF
TISSUES THAT LINE CAVITIES, COVER
SURFACES, SEPARATE TISSUES OR
ORGANS.
• THEY ARE MADE OF EITHER EPITHELIAL
& CONNECTIVE TISSUE TOGETHER OR
CONNECTIVE TISSUES ONLY.
54
EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES
• MADE FROM SHEETS OF EPITHELIAL
TISSUE OVERLYING A THIN SUPPORTING
FRAMEWORK OF LOOSE CONNECTIVE
TISSUE.
THERE ARE THREE TYPES:• SEROUS MEMBRANES:- PERICARDIUM
• MUCOUS MEMBRANES:- RESPIRATORY
• CUTANOUS MEMBRANES:- SKIN
55
CONNECTIVE TISSUE MEMBRANES
• MADE BY FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE.
EXAMPLES INCLUDE:• THREE MENINGES AROUND THE BRAIN
AND THE SPINAL CORD.
• PERICHONDRIUM COVERS CARTILAGE.
• PERIOSTEUM COVERS BONE SURFACES.
• SYNOVIAL MEMBRANES COVER JOINTS.
56