Ch.11.2 Today’s learning target:
Explain the effect of the cotton gin
on slavery in the south
Describe the life of African Americans in
the mid 1800s south
Read, “One American’s Story” p. 373
Now, read The Cotton Boom. . .
and think about:
What might be the effects of the improved
efficiency?
Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791
A slave actually
helped invent!
CAUSE
CAUSE/EFFECT
1. Industrial
2.
3.
Revolution
increases the
number of goods
produced at lower
costs which
increases
consumer demand
Mills need more
raw materials such
as cotton to meet
consumer demand
Eli Whitney
invents the cotton
gin (engine) in
1793
4.
5.
6.
Growing &
processing cotton
becomes more
profitable
From 1790 to 1860,
cotton production
increases more
than a
thousandfold
Slave labor
becomes more
necessary to
increase profits
Changes in Cotton Production
1820
1860
Southern A griculture by 1860
“King Cotton” & Value of Cotton
Exports
As % of All US Exports
Southern Population
EFFECTS
8.
CAUSE
7.
Harsh, cruel,
inhumane
conditions
oppress African
Americans
Some African
Americans, such
as Frederick
Douglass, escape
to the North
9.
Some African
Americans, such
as Nat Turner,
rebel violently
Use the graphs & info from 11.2 to answer the questions:
10. What is the correlation or relationship between the 2 graphs?
A direct relation (correlation) between the number of slaves and cotton production.
As one goes up, so does the other. Are these variables independent?
NO!
11.
12.
About how many more slaves were there in 1860 compared
to 1790? 3,750,000
What is the approximate percentage increase in cotton
Production from 1800 to 1860?
400% (4 times)
13. Explain the cause & effects of increased demand for cotton:
Slave-Owning Population (1850)
Slave-Owning Families (1850)
____ Which diagram A or B best illustrates the socio-economic class
structure that emerged in the South as a result of its plantation
economy?
Wealth
Distribution by
% of population
A
Top
10%
Middle
%
Bottom
%
B
Top
10% of
population
Remaining 90%
Characteristics of the Southern
economy in mid 1800s
1. Mostly agriculture
2. Power was in the “lower South” = large
plantations
3. “Cotton Is King!”
* 1860 5 mil. bales a yr.
(57% of total US exports).
4. Very little industry
5. Very basic system.
6. Poor transportation system.
Graniteville Textile Co.
Founded in 1845, it was the South’s first
attempt at industrialization in Richmond, VA
Slaves Picking Cotton
on a Mississippi Plantation
Slaves Using the Cotton Gin
“Hauling the W hole Week’s
Pickings”
W illiam Henry Brown, 1842
Slaves Working
in a Sugar-Boiling House, 1823
Southern Slavery was unique in the
world
J 1780s: 1st antislavery society created in Phila.
J By 1804: slavery eliminated from last northern
state.
J 1807: the legal termination of the slave trade,
enforced by the Royal Navy.
J 1820s: newly indep. Republics of Central & So.
America declared their slaves free.
J 1833: slavery abolished throughout the British
Empire.
J 1844: slavery abolished in the French. colonies.
J 1861: the serfs of Russia were emancipated.
Slave Auction Notice, 1823
Slave Auction: Charleston, SC-1856
Slave Devices
Slave Master
Brands
Slave muzzle
Slave Devices
Slave leg irons
Slave shoes
Slave tag, SC
Anti-Slave Pamphlet
A Real Georgia Plantation
Slaves posing
in front of
their cabin on
a Southern
plantation.
Tara – Plantation Reality or Myth?
Hollywood’s Version?
T he Southern “Belle”
Scarlet and Mammie
(Hollywood A gain!)
A Real Mammie & Her Charge
A Slave Family
T he Ledger of John W hite
J Matilda Selby, 9, $400.00 sold to Mr.
Covington, St. Louis, $425.00
J Brooks Selby, 19, $750.00 Left at Home –
Crazy
J Fred McAfee, 22, $800.00 Sold to Pepidal,
Donaldsonville, $1200.00
J Howard Barnett, 25, $750.00 Ranaway. Sold
out of jail, $540.00
J Harriett Barnett, 17, $550.00 Sold to
Davenport and Jones, Lafourche, $900.00
US Laws Regarding Slavery
1. U. S. Constitution:
* 3/5s compromise [I.2]
* fugitive slave clause [IV.2]
2. 1793  Fugitive Slave Act.
3. 1850  stronger Fugitive Slave Act.
Slavery was difficult to control in
the U.S.
J
High cost of keeping slaves from
escaping.
J
GOAL  raise the cost of escape
u
Slave patrols.
u
Southern Black Codes.
u
Cut off a toe or a foot.
Slave Resistance
1. “SAMBO” pattern of behavior used as a
charade in front of whites [the innocent,
laughing black man caricature – bulging
eyes, thick lips, big smile, etc.].
Slave Resistance
2. Refusal to work hard.
3. Isolated acts of sabotage.
Slave Resistance
4. Escape via the Underground Railroad.
Runaway Slave Ads
Quilt Patterns as Secret Messages
The Monkey Wrench pattern, on the left,
alerted escapees to gather up tools and
prepare to flee; the Drunkard Path
design, on the right, warned escapees not
to follow a straight route.
Slave Rebellions T hroughout the Americas
Slave Rebellions
in the Antebellum South
Gabriel Prosser
1800
1822
Slave Rebellions in the South:
Nat Turner, 1831
Nat Turner’s Rebellion
• Nat Turner & 70 followers killed 55 whites in Virginia
• Turner & followers captured and put to death
• aftermath resulted white southerners killing over 200 blacks
• harsh laws were passed restricting slaves & free blacks
• anti-slavery ideas (abolition) were suppressed
T he Slave Culture
1. Black Christianity [Baptists or Methodists]:
* more emotional worship services.
* negro spirituals.
2. “Pidgin” languages.
3. Nuclear family with extended kin links,
where possible.
4. Importance of music in their lives. [spirituals].
Southern Pro-Slavery
Propaganda
View “America, the Story of Us” clip
“Division” begin at ~ 15:00 min.