Read 10 min
Finished Chinese handout
(Dorian, Confucianism,
Legalism)
Get to know Greece activity

6 groups/no more than 6 people

Each person will read one sheet to their group to
discuss, then put in their LL
Glue/Label Map - Mediterranean

Aegean sea, Sparta, Greece

300 years of conflict/confusion – Dorian Period, greatest loss was the ability to
write/trade. TPS Why is the ability to write so key to a great civilization?

Lacking writing, learned about their history through the spoken word. Tradition
states the greatest storyteller was a blind man named Homer, little is known
about him. Trojan War forms the backdrop for one of his great epic poems, the
Iliad

Partner read from Odyssey by Homer

800 BC new society emerged through stability. Centered on Polis-ancient Greek
city-state
 How
do we see the word Polis affect us today? TPS
 Appears

in cities such as Annapolis, Indianapolis, Minneapolis
Greece rugged/travel & communication difficult, each Polis developed
separately and independent of the other. What are the problems with this?
 Each
developed own gov’t, laws, customs
Greek City-States

Polis center of life/culture for ancient Greeks….One
philosopher defined a person as one who lived in a polis.

We can see how central the Polis is to there lives & their
identity. LL What happens when you dedicate yourselves to
something i.e. Sports team/church/club LL
 You
become fiercely loyal willing to do anything to protect

People did not think themselves as Greeks but members of a
polis instead. - Athenians
-Corinthians -Spartans

Acropolis-citadel or highly fortified area of an ancient Greek
city. Most famous located in Athens
Polis Life
Housed temples to the gods/public ceremonies.
 Below was other public spaces/ Agoras - marketplaces.
Did business, gossiped, politics
Outside of the Agora, homes, shops, more temples
 Other areas of polis gymnasiums for athletes, training grounds,
public bath for athletes
 Sturdy wall for defense around entire polis. Few scattered
homes/markets/fields for all of food was grown outside of polis.
What is the problem?? TPS – what is the solution to the problem?
Cartoon Quick Draw of what an acropolis would look like include….
Agora, walled areas, homes, gymnasium, public bath, fields,
temples on top.

Features of the Acropolis
Read 10 Min
What roles did the
acropolis and the agora
play in a typical Greek
polis?
Bell Ringer

Each Polis had a separate political system. LL why?

Mostly due to geography of Greek, mountains divided polis’
with few roads, if there was a road we would call it a dirt
path

Trading Polis of Corinth ran an oligarchy (city-state ran by few
individuals)

Athens (birthplace of democracy)

Sparta…….
Major Polis’ in Greece

Located in Peloponnesus(large peninsula of S. Greece)

Surrounded by smaller towns seized control of towns including
Messenia.

Made Messenians Into helots-state slaves, Helots given
Spartan cit. to labor. LL WHY?

Enables Spartans to Spend free time training for war,
motivation to do good work

Believed that only way to keep order was to fight
The Mighty
Spartans!

Helots outnumbered Spartans 7:1. Ready to rebel at all
times/had to keep strong army to keep helots in check

Men/Women trained top physical shape. Men to serve in
army/Women to bear strong, healthy children

All babies/boys and girls/ examined for strength after birth.
If found unhealthy left in wild to die.

Healthy ones trained for soldiers from young age.

Boys taught physical/mental toughness from young age by
mother until 7.

Entered special school system designed to train them for
combat created by legendary king Lycrurgus.
Spartans continued..


Spartan Video
View and write as a Historian documenting this time frame.
Complete a few paragraph write up of the Spartan training system
for young boys. To help guide you Who, What, When, where, Why
Partner Read - What have historians said
As you are reading compare and contrast with a chart, summarize
each piece (2)! what are the main differences between the two
pieces, what type of pieces are they, are they accurate/reliable?,
What is each pieces purpose, what do they say about the same topic?
-Xenophon, The Polity of the Spartans,
c. 375 BC

“Instead of softening their feet with shoe or sandal, his rule was to make
them hardy through going barefoot. This habit, if practiced, would, as he
believed, enable them to scale heights more easily and clamber down
precipices with less danger. In fact, with his feet so trained the young Spartan
would leap and spring and run faster unshod than another in the ordinary way.
Instead of making them effeminate with a variety of clothes, his rule was to
habituate them to a single garment the whole year through, thinking that so
they would be better prepared to withstand the variations of heat and cold.”
Training
continued….

Training boys sent into wilderness with no
food/tools expected to survive

Age 20 became hoplites – foot soldiers. 10 years,
then took place as citizens

The Man

It was unusual that woman played important role
in society. Why do you think? TPS
 Trained
in gymnastics for fitness/thought they
had to be fit to bear strong children

Had right to own property, forbidden throughout
rest of Greece

Sparta led by two kings/served as military
commanders
 Over
time elected council of elders took over
decision making responsibilities
 Honor
to take a seat on council and run the
city.
Spartan Women/Commanders
Spartan Debate

Was the Spartan way of life good for it’s citizens?
6 groups/3 debates. Half will support the Spartan
system, against Spartan system. Prepare and
write statements that support your point of view.

Write a brief persuasive essay explaining your
position on the topic.
Exit ticket


3-2-1 Write down…..
3 things I learned today

2 questions I still have/muddy topics

1 connection to something we have previously
learned about
READ 10 MIN
GRADE LL
Grade TEST
Bell Ringer
 Was
King Lycrurgus’ training system for
boys fair? Was it effective? Would
other training methods have worked
for the Spartans, back up your
reasoning.
Last stand handout

Finish section on training center with partner
Bell Ringer
 Explain
the significance of a Polis,
Acropolis, Democracy & Helot.

Which is the first campaign of the Persians and
which is the second, how are they identified?

What do the numbers in parentheses represent?

By what routes did the Persians choose to attack
Greece? Explain why?

Where did most of the battles of the Persian Wars
occur?

How might their citizens have been affected?
Map p. 132 – answer in your LL

Persian War Chart
Name of
Battle
Winner
Persian
Leader
Greek Leader
Key events/
Information
LL Summarize what we already know about the Persian
empire especially King Cyrus & Darius.
Shortly
after
democracy
aboutreligion/gov’t
400 BC, all of
 Initially
Persian
rule
very soft est.
allowing
Greece
brought into war with Persian Empire ,
to stay
the same
league of Greeks called Delian League.
 Ionians rebel
TPS If you were a leader of a small Greek city Persian
army
too strong
asked
fellow
help
state,
would
you have
joined
theGreeks
Delianfor
League?
including Athens-supplied ships to Ionian rebels


Persian could not put down revolt, Ionians burn Persian
Temples, emperor Darius furious & sought revenge

Planned to punish Ionian allies, especially
Athens/Greek mainland
Causes of the conflict
1st Persian Invasion/handout
490 BC Persian fleet tens of thousands of men set
out to fulfill Darius’ plan.
 Came ashore near Marathon
 Athenians warned ahead of time met them at the
beach while the Persian’s were unloading.
Charged in a Phalanx – tight rectangle formation
in which soldiers held long spears out ahead of a
wall of shields
 Persians counter attacked while Greeks closed in
from sides. Greeks highly outnumbered (25,000 10,000) but Persians retreat, casualties 6,000
Persians , less than 200 Greeks

Battle of Marathon

Athenian messenger, Pheidippides (fy-DIP-uhDEEZ) ran from marathon to Athens after the
battle to announce the Greek’s victory.
 Run
was 26 miles

Now we run “marathons”; 26 mile races to
commemorate the messenger’s dedication and
athleticism.

What happened to him after the run???

Died from exhaustion. What famous phrase did he
yell? Why? TPS

Also a warning sign to defend city for the Persians
Battle of Marathon continued…
Partner Read History of Herodotus –
Battle of Marathon
Greek victory shocked both sides/Persians humiliated
 Darius wanting revenge more than ever planned a second
invasion but dies in 486, son Xerxes takes over and plans
attack for his father
 10 years after initial invasion 100’s of thousands of Persians set
out for Greece
 Greek legend states that army so big took a week to cross
manmade bridge they built
 Athenians called on other Greek city-states for help – bitter
rival Sparta responded. Greece very split at this time, some
help, some fight for Persia, some sit still thinking Athens
should be taken and then the Persians will leave
 LL What would you have done, why. Why are they not unified?
 Athens with Navy agreed to take charge of ships while Sparta
took charge of Greek’s armies
2nd Persian Invasion


Persians marching quickly/Greeks afraid not enough
time, Spartans gathered at mtn pass in Thermopylae
(Persians had to pass through) to slow them down

300 Spartans held off entire Persian army for several
days in tiny pass @ a chokehold area

Local resident in end show Persians an alternate path
through the mountains, eventually surrounded and killed
the Spartans.

Gave Greeks enough time to set up defense

Themistocles convinces Greeks abandon Athens ,
Persians burned it to the ground

Waited for fleet to bring more supplies
Continued…

Athenian navy commander lured Persian fleet into the narrow
strait of Salamis near Athens(same strategy as Spartans).

Persian ships too large to maneuver, smaller quicker Greek
fleet sank Persian fleet

TPS List 3 downfalls of the Persians loosing their fleet. How
did it change the war?
With
your
partner
in
your
LL,
list
the
3
major
battles
of
the
 Xerxes brought a throne to watch the battle from shore
Persian
different
leaders
for both Greece/Sparta
watched Wars,
his fleetthe
be sunk
by smaller
Greeks
and the main facts about each battle
 479 BC full Greek/Sparta army destroyed Persians near
Plataea
Continued…
Warring City-States activity – groups of 4
Last Stand of 300

Fill out accompanying worksheet with video
Create a map in your group that must show events
contributing to the Persian wars
 Must portray 10 events within a larger historical
time period
 Include:
 Where they took place
 Routes traveled
 Groups involved
 Chronologically numbered
 Provide a legend/key
 Must include an annotation explaining why each
individual event is important and/or significant to
the historical time period

News Report Activity

Ionian Rebellion

Battle of Marathon

Battle of Thermopylae

Battle of Salamis

Choose either Greek or Persian side

Use books/all in group must play a part
Exit Ticket

Draw a quick Diagram (graphic organizer) that
shows your perspective on today’s lesson
combining the chart we made and the map. Below
the diagram summarize in 2-3 sentences what was
learned/covered today.