Ionic Bonding
Naming Ionic Compounds
Naming Ionic Compounds
• The same as naming individual ions.
• Cation, Electron Donor, or Metal in compound
is said first.
• Anion name is changed to …….ide and said
second.
Examples
•
•
•
•
Sodium Chloride
Magnesium Oxide
Lithium Nitride
Potassium Bromide
Using the correct Name
1) K2S
7) SrS
2) LiBr
8) Al2O3
3) Sr3P2
9) MnO
4) BaCl2
10) ZnO
5) NaBr
11) ZnCl2
6) MgF2
12) Cu2O
Notation
Ionic Notation
• 3 Na+1
• 1 PO4-3
Ionic Compound Formula
• NaCl
• CaCl2
• Na3(PO4)
Formulas
Rules for Writing Formulas
• Metallic Donor is always written first.
• Nonmetallic Receiver is written second.
• Write the number of atoms required to
balance the formula as subscripts after the
element in compound.
– NaCl
– MgO
– MgCl2
The Ionic Compound
NaCl
Writing & Naming
Ionic Compounds
+1
Na
&
-1
Br
Writing & Naming
Ionic Compounds
+2
Ca
&
-1
Br
Writing & Naming
Ionic Compounds
+1
K
&
-2
O
Writing & Naming
Ionic Compounds
Li
?
& N
?
HW: Write the Name of the Compound
1) MgS
7) KBr
2) Ba3N2
8) FeO
3) NaI
9) SrF2
4) Li2S
10) CaO
5) Na3P
11) Al2O3
6) KCl
12) Fe2O3
Formulae of binary ionic compounds
• Binary – only two elements present
• The rules –
– symbol for the cation first, followed by the symbol for
the anion.
– Determine the lowest whole number ratio of ions that
will provide a net charge of zero
• The ‘crossover’ method is another way to
determine formulae (check page 79)
• Work through the Sample Problems page 80,81
Review
• Complete the revision questions page 81 (13 –
16)
Ions of Variable Charge
• Some transition metals have quite
complicated arrangement of electrons and
may be able to form more than one ion. Such
ions have different charges.
• This is very significant as ions of the same
element with different charges have different
physical and chemical properties.
• Eg – a solution of Cr6+ is orange, whereas a
solutions of Cr3+ is yellow.
Ions of Variable Charge
• Iron can form FeO (black) and Fe2O3 (brown),
each with different physical and chemical
properties. Therefore you must name them
differently.
• They cannot each be called iron oxide.
• Therefore black FeO containing Fe2+ ions is
called iron (II) oxide.
• The brown Fe2O3 contains Fe3+ ions and is
name iron (III) oxide.
Ions of Variable Charge
• Metal ions that form more than one cation
include iron (II) and (III), copper (I) and (II),
and mercury (I) and (II).
• Note the roman numeral do not indicate the
numbers of ions present in the compound,
only the charge of the ion.
Ions of Variable Charge
• Work through the Sample Problem page82
Review
• Complete the revision questions page 82
(17,18)
HW: Write the Correct Formula
1) Magnesium Oxide
2) Lithium Bromide
3) Calcium Nitride
4) Sodium Sulfide
5) Copper (I) Sulfide
6) Copper (II) Sulfide
Practice Exercise #1
1.
2.
3.
4.
Which will donate, Which will receive?
How many will be donated/received?
Write the Ionic Notation of each.
Write the formula for each of the following.
– Lithium Oxide
– Potassium Chloride
– Sodium Nitride
– Calcium Chloride
– Magnesium Sulfide
– Barium Nitride
– Aluminum Fluoride
– Aluminum Oxide
– Aluminum Nitride
Polyatomic ions
• A polyatomic ion is a group of tightly bound
atoms that behaves as a single unit and carries
an overall charge. It may be a positively or
negatively charged ion.
• The carbonate ion is composed of one carbon
atom and three oxygen atoms.
• The whole group of four atoms carries a
negative two charge.
Polyatomic Ions
• Compound Ions
• A group of COVALENTLY bonded atoms that
have a net charge (anion or cation)
• Most, but not all are Anions.
Polyatomics
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
SO4-2
SO3-2
NO3-1
NO2-1
CO3-2
CN-1
OH-1
NH4+1
Sulfate
Sulfite
Nitrate
Nitrite
Carbonate
Cyanide
Hydroxide
Ammonium
Na3PO4
Na
P
O
Phosphate can
accept 3 electrons.
PO4-3
O
O
P
O
O
When it
does it has a
negative 3
charge.
It is therefore
called a………..
Sodium Phosphate
O
Na
O
P
O
Na
Na3PO4
O
Na
Practice Exercise #3
Give the Ionic Notation and Formula for each.
– Potassium Sulfate
– Magnesium Sulfite
– Aluminum Nitrate
– Sodium Nitrite
– Lithium Carbonate
– Sodium Cyanide
– Barium Hydroxide
– Ammonium Chloride
– Ammonium Hydroxide
Draw/Diagram Magnesium Sulfite
Practice Exercise #4
• Write out the Ionic Notation, Formula and
Names of the following ionic compounds:
– Li and F
– Na and S
– K and Br
– Rb and O
– Ca and Cl
– Mg and SO3-2
– Al and NO3-1
- Na and CO3-2
- Li and OH-1
- NH4+1 and Cl
- Ca and SO4-2
- NH4+1 and OH-1
- Na and CN-1
- NH4+1 and SO4-2
Polyatomic ions
• Work through the Sample Problem pages 84,
85
Review
• Complete the revision questions page 85 (19 –
21)
Hydrated ionic compounds
• A number of ionic compounds, called hydrates,
produce water when they decompose upon
heating. When the formula of a hydrated
compound is written, the number of water
molecules is also included.
• Eg. – the formula for iron(II) sulphate octahydrate
is written as FeSO4 . 8H2O.
• This formula indicates that eight molecules of
water are bonded within the ionic crystal for
every one formula unit of FeSO4
• Work through the Sample Problem page 86
Review
• Complete the revision question page 86 (22)
• Complete the multiple choice questions pages
86, 87
• Complete review questions 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11,
13
• Complete the Exam Practice Questions
• Try this ionic compound construction kit Ionic Compounds