CLASSIFICATION
REVIEW
Chapter 18
Name the 3 domains
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
Organisms are divided into the
3 DOMAINS based on the kind of
Ribosomal RNA
________________
they have.
Name this diagram used to show
evolutionary relationships
between organisms
cladogram
Image from:http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/images/clip0075.jpg
Name the 6 Kingdoms
Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista,
Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
Which kingdoms belong in the
DOMAIN EUKARYA?
Protista, Fungi, Animalia, Plantae
Name the KINGDOM for each of these:
Protista
______________
Animalia
______________
Plantae
_______________
Archaebacteria
_______________
Name the Kingdom for each of these:
Fungi
______________
Eubacteria
______________
Animalia
_______________
Bacteria that “like” living in HOT
environments like volcano vents
Thermophiles
Group or level of organization into
which organisms are classified
TAXON
Bacteria that “like” living in
very SALTY environments
halophiles
Classification system in which each
species is assigned a two-part
scientific name
Binomial nomenclature
The evolutionary history of an
organism
phylogeny
Diagram that shows evolutionary
relationship based on comparing
derived characters
cladogram
Characteristics that appear in
recent parts of a lineage but
not in its older members
Derived characters
The science of classifying organisms and
assigning each organism a unique
universally accepted scientific name
taxonomy
Large taxonomic group made up of
closely related phyla; top level in
Linnaeus’s classification
hierarchy Kingdom
Method of grouping organisms
together according to their
evolutionary history
Evolutionary classification
Group of closely related classes
Phylum (pl. phyla)
Model that uses DNA comparisons to
estimate the length of time that two
species have been evolving
independently
Molecular clock
Group of similar orders
CLASS
Most inclusive taxonomic category
based on ribosomal RNA;
larger than a kingdom
DOMAIN
Group of similar families
ORDER
Swedish botanist who came up with
a classification system that groups
organisms in a 7 level hierarchy and
gives each a 2 part scientific name
Carolus Linnaeus
Group of genera (plural of
genus) that share many
characteristics
FAMILY
Greek philosopher and teacher that
came up with the first classification
system that separated organisms into
2 groups … plants or animals
Aristotle
The first part of a 2 part scientific
name
genus
Polysaccharide molecule used in
plant cell walls to make them sturdy
cellulose
The second part of a two part
scientific name
Species identifier
Hereditary information found in
all living things
DNA
Kingdom that includes all
prokaryotes with peptidoglycan
in their cell walls
Eubacteria
Kingdom that includes all multicellular
eukaryotic heterotrophs with no cell
walls or chloroplasts
Animalia
Kingdom with includes
heterotrophic eukaryotes with
chitin in their cell walls
Fungi
Kingdom that includes multicellular
eukaryotes that have chloroplasts for
photosynthesis and have cell walls
made of cellulose
Plantae
Kingdom that includes prokaryotes
without peptidoglycan in their cell
walls
Archaebacteria
Kingdom composed of eukaryotes that
are not classified as plants, animals, or fungi;
Some have cell walls made of cellulose
and chloroplasts
Protista
The scientific name for red maple is
Acer rubrum. To which species does
it belong?
rubrum
Silly phrase that will help you to
remember the 7 hierarchy levels
in Linnaeus’s classification system.
Kids prefer cheese over fried green spinach.
Kings play chess on fat green stools.
NAME the 7 taxonomic levels in
Linnaeus’s hierarchy in order
starting with the largest
Kingdom
_________________
Phylum
_________________
Class
_________________
_________________
Order
Family
_________________
Genus
_________________
Species
_________________
Name the original Kingdom in the
5-Kingdom system that was split
into 2 separate bacterial kingdoms
MONERA
Name the two kingdoms that
resulted from this split
Eubacteria & Archaebacteria
The scientific name for red maple is
Acer rubrum. To which genus does
it belong?
Acer
The correct way to write the scientific name
for lion is ________
Panthera leo
Panthera leo
panthera leo
or
Panthera Leo
Panthera leo
1st name capitalized, second name lower case,
Underlined or in italics
Panthera leo
Name the 6 Kingdoms used to
classify organisms today
Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi,
Plantae, Animalia
The correct scientific name for humans
is _______
Homo ________
sapiens
(OR Homo sapiens)
Name the two languages used
by scientists when coming up
with a scientific name
Greek & Latin
Suppose you discover a new single-celled
organism. It has a nucleus, mitochondria,
and chloroplasts. Into which Kingdom
would you place it?
PROTISTAunicellular, eukaryote, with chloroplasts
Which of the
following is true?
TRUE Roaches and mantids share a more recent common
ancestor than do roaches and termites.
TRUE Roaches and mantids share a more recent common
ancestor than do termites and mantids.
TRUE Termites, roaches, and mantids share a common ancestor.
Both snakes and worms are
tube-shaped with no legs.
How could you determine if their
similarity in shape means that they
share a recent common ancestor?
Examine internal structures to see if similar;
Compare DNA to look for similarities
What must you know about a
prokaryote to know which domain
it belongs in?
Does its cell wall have peptidoglycan?
Give an example of an organism
in the fungi kingdom.
Mushrooms, yeast, mold
Name the DOMAIN for each of these:
Eukarya
______________
Eukarya
______________
Eukarya
_______________
Archaea
_______________
Name the DOMAIN for each of these:
Eukarya
______________
Bacteria
______________
Eukarya
_______________
Polymer made of sugars and amino acids
found outside the cell membrane in
PEPTIDOGLYCAN
eubacteria = ___________________
http://www.scq.ubc.ca/?p=481
Classification system that groups
organisms and shows evolutionary
relationships based on shared
“derived characters”
______________________
Cladistics
Molecule found in the cell walls of
FUNGI that makes them different
from plants
chitin
Give an example of an organism
in the Archaebacteria kingdom.
Halophiles, thermophiles,
A cell with a nucleus
eukaryote
Organisms are grouped into DOMAINS based
on _________________.
Ribosomal RNA
Organisms in the Archaebacteria kingdom belong
Archaea
in the ______________
domain.
Organism that can make its own
food using photosynthesis or
chemosynthesis
autotroph
Cell with out a nucleus
prokaryote
Would a barnacle’s DNA be more
like the DNA of a crab or a limpet?
CRAB- barnacles look like limpets
But share many more characteristics
with crustaceans including their DNA
Which gene is shared by both
yeast and humans and suggests a
common ancestor?
Myosin – muscle protein
Name the KINGDOM for each of these:
Includes PROKARYOTES
with peptidoglycan in their
cell walls
Includes HETEROTROPHIC
EUKARYOTES with CHITIN
in their cell walls
Includes HETEROTROPHIC
EUKARYOTES without
chloroplasts or cell walls
EUBACTERIA
______________
FUNGI
______________
ANIMALIA
_______________
Name the KINGDOM for each of these:
Includes PROKARYOTES
WITHOUT peptidoglycan in
their cell walls
ARCHAEBACTERIA
______________
Includes AUTOTROPHIC
PLANTAE
______________
EUKARYOTES with chloroplasts
& cellulose in their cell walls
PROTISTA
Includes EUKARYOTES
_______________
(some with chloroplasts and cellulose
In their cell walls) that aren’t plants, animals,
or fungi
Which DOMAIN includes all the living things
whose cell have a nucleus?
Eukarya
Which kingdom includes the most diverse group
of organisms because it contains any eukaryotes
that don’t fit in the fungi, animal, or plant kingdoms?
Protista
Look at the diagram above comparing DNA
sequences. The colored segments show
differences in DNA
Which two species are more closely
related?
B and C; these have fewer differences
than A and C OR A and B
Image from: Biology by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006
Name the gene found on both humans and
yeast that suggest these two organisms have
a common ancestor.
myosin
What unique characteristic shared by
American vultures and storks caused scientists
to examine their DNA for relatedness?
They both urinate on their legs to
cool off
Which DOMAIN includes all the living things
whose cells have a nucleus?
Eukarya
Which kingdom includes the most diverse group
of organisms because it contains any eukaryotes
that don’t fit in the fungi, animal, or plant kingdoms?
Protista
THE END