* What events helped establish our
new gov’t?
Washington and the
Presidency
- leadership style / personality
Judiciary Act of 1789
passed
- structure
B of R ratified
Tariff 5% passed
Cabinet created
1
3
13
The first cabinet
Thomas Jefferson- Secy. of State
Alexander Hamilton- Secy. of the Treasury
Henry Knox- Secy. of War
Edmund Randolph – Attorney General
* Why/How did the 2 party system
develop
Ratification
Jefferson vs. Hamilton:
Cabinet
Hamilton’s Economic plan
*Distinguish between Federalists
and Anti-Feds
Democratic -Republicans
Pg 185
Pg 191
*Describe Hamilton’s Economic
Plan
pg 184-5
Hamilton’s Economic Plan:
create BUS; set a Tariff; set an excise tax
pay off foreign debt ($12m)
issue new Bonds to pay off old ($44m)
honor Bonds at “face value”
Federal Gov’t assumes state debts ($25m)
DC Compromise
Whiskey Rebellion
(not Shay’s Rebellion)
Describe the influence of the
Hamilton – Jefferson conflict
P185, 191
Views of America & Democracy
“Hamiltonian ” and “Jeffersonian ”
“the BUS debate”:
the “E L A S T I C C L A U S E”
Strict or Loose Interpretation
•In what framework did American
foreign policy develop?
GW  JA
GB
war
FR
Genét Affair
FR Rev
Trade Balance $
US
Washington
“XYZ” Affair
*What caused conflict in the
American frontier?
The Ohio Valley
GB and N. A.’s
Native Americans
Little Turtle / Fallen Timbers
Pinckney Treaty
Spain
Jay’s Treaty
British in the Ohio Valley
•ID Nullification
Alien & Sedition Acts (1798)
- deport / expel dangerous aliens
- speak out against or criticize the gov’t > fine / imprisonment
- newspapers
Naturalization Act
- changed wait period from 5 to 14 years
results in :
VA and KY Resolutions
- Madison and Jefferson
- a state can nullify a federal law
- a state can secede if it chooses
**** State’s Rights*****
* What was “The Revolution Of
1800”?
Peaceful change of gov’t
- election goes to the HoR
- Hamilton / Burr
Policy changed
*ID important events of TJ’s
presidency
Attack on Federalists
-repealed Whiskey Tax; A & S Acts expired
-replaced Federalists with D-R’s
LA Purchase -1803
- doubles USA and TJ changes
Embargo Act of 1807 (TJ)
Non Intercourse Act 1809 (Madison)
Marbury v Madison
- the Judiciary act of 1801 created new federal courts, therefore more federal
judges for Adams to appoint
- the Judiciary Act of 1789 gave the SC the power to issue a writ of
mandamus (an order) (p 206)
Marbury v. Madison
The Marshall court ruled that, although Marbury
deserved his commission, the court could not
order that it be delivered because Congress
could not give a power to the Supreme Court
which the Constitution did not grant.
– This was a landmark decision because it was the first
time that the court claimed for itself the right of judicial
review, the right to determine the constitutionality of
an act of Congress. CJ John Marshall: - used Judicial
Review for the first time to rule against Marbury
Causes for The War of 1812
Causes
loss of federalist political power (Pres. / Congress)
GB ‘s seizure of US merchant ships and cargo
GB’s Impressment of US sailors
Anti-British sentiment in US public opinion
- loss of maritime jobs and recession due to war and TJ’s policies
GB -> still in the Ohio Valley
US Ambition: “War Hawks”
- get Canada, Florida
**** Hartford Convention
(nullify and secede)
* ID Results of the War of 1812
Results
Treaty of Ghent 1814
* no real territorial advantage
* we avoid defeat again
Encouraged isolationism / neutrality
Increased migration West
Encouraged growth of American Industry (textiles)
End of the Federalist Party
Rise of American Nationalism
Northern border set
Oregon shared with GB
Great Lakes – joint occupation with GB
map – p204
Relate Sectionalism to Nationalism
Define:
Sectionalism (Regionalism)
- distinctive parts of a unit
- ID America’s regions : N,S,W
Nationalism
- pride in one’s country
Can both concepts develop in the same country,
at the same time?
YES
* ID Results of the War of 1812
Results
Treaty of Ghent 1814
* no real territorial advantage
* we avoid defeat again
Encouraged isolationism
Increased migration West
Encouraged growth of American Industry
End of the Federalist Party
Rise of American Nationalism
Northern border set
Oregon shared
Great Lakes – joint occupation
map – p204
Describe the American Economy
1810 - 1850
Revolutions in :
production – an Industrial Revolution (see visual)
machine production encourages the use of interchangeable parts,
mass production, and job specialization
transportation
market
- new technology : the cotton gin (Eli Whitney) and the
steam engine (Robert Fulton), the Mechanical Reaper (Cyrus
McCormick) and Textile Mills (Samuel Slater)
Over time, the “Factory System” replaces the “Domestic System”
“King Cotton”
The Cotton Gin – Eli Whitney
- see chart
Describe the influence of western
expansion
Land – people – territories formed
Resources increase
Territories b/c States
-more people, more voters, more electoral votes (2+X)
N. A. policy is needed
Sectionalism
- N, S, W
- economic, cultural differences
Slavery issue
p221,p223 –new states (Missouri)
What was “The American System”?
1.
2.
Need for commerce to develop to encourage America’s selfsufficiency ( to support Neutrality / Isolationism trend)
Bring the 3 regions (sections) together economically
Henry Clay (KY):
Approve a second Nat’l Bank
Support a Tariff (1816)
Approve National funding for internal improvements in S and W
-roads and canals…
and…..rr lines
7.2 Our first steps in FP-.continued
GB – FR
Neutrality
The Monroe Doctrine 1823
- neutrality for independent N / S America
- no intervention or colonization by european countries
( no “or else”yet)
Establishing Borders
- Adams-Onis 1819
-Rush-Bagot 1817
-Convention of 1818
p221
7.2 How did the SC reinforce
Federal supremacy?
Marbury v. Madison 1803
McCulloch v. Md. 1819
Gibbons v. Ogden 1824
Fletcher v. Peck 1819
Dartmouth College v. Woodward 1819
* The Marshall Court
Describe the Missouri Compromise
of 1820
Why did it happen?
Who was responsible?
What were the conditions?
What were the results?
map –p223
Describe the “Era of Good Feelings”
(1800) -1824
The Federalist party dies out…
1 Party remains:
-Anti-Feds ; Dem-Rep’s ; Rep’s ;………
TJ (8), Madison (8), Monroe (8), JQ Adams (4)
1800-1824
- election opponents were from different regions of the
country; but from the same party
……. The National Republicans
The “National Republicans” adopt some
federalist policies that support national growth
and power – (BUS, tariffs)
7.3 Describe the elections of 1824
and 1828
1824 – “ The Corrupt Bargain”
- the popular vote and Henry Clay
- AJ begins immediately to win in 1828
The end of “The Era of Good Feelings”
*party politics returns
* the birth of the Democratic Party
* “Jacksonian Democracy” takes shape in AJ’s image
1828 – Jackson wins
Describe “Jacksonian Democracy”
Democracy for all….
New groups emerge with new expectations
US is a blend of industrial / commercial and agriculture
cultures
Social and Economic as well as Political Equality (… for
who?... ) – Egalitarian (ch. 8)
Features at the state level:
new states with new state constitutions that bring
reforms (like voting qualifications)
Features at the national level:
new leaders (nat’l and state)
“the spoils system” --Patronage
AJ’s N.A. Policies
Indian Removal Act 1830
-federal $$ for treaty negotiation -forced
-Oklahoma territory
Worchester v. Ga. 1832
- SC affirms independent rights of the Cherokees
-AJ ignores SC ruling
The “Trail of Tears” 1838
-VanBuren completes the policy
-forced removal of Cherokee
7.4 Describe the Nullification Crisis
The Tariff of 1828
- the “Tariff of Abominations”
- John Calhoun, VP v. AJ --- issue of “STATES RIGHTS”
* “toast duel”
* Senate debate –Daniel Webster (Ma) v. Robert
Hayne (SC)
- SC Ordinance of Nullification – 1832 (like Va and KY
resolutions)
- Tariff Act - 1832
- Clay compromises again on tariff and avoids a
showdown
- Force Act - 1833
Describe AJ’s fight against the USB
BUS battle / election of 1832
-Clay and Webster try to trap AJ and push the BUS renewal early and
make him veto it (not up for renewal until 1836) – he did… and..
-backfires –AJ wins re-election
–AJ campaigned against BUS and Nicholas Biddle ---and since he
won; he decided to act to destroy the BUS – b/c the people have
spoken thru his election ----they don’t want the BUS
Bank Crisis
-AJ’s PET BANKS and Biddle’s loan recall results in
economic recession which Van Buren inherits along with Indian removal
“King Andrew” or “Old Hickory”
Which best fits AJ ?
AJ :State or National Power ??
? --States Rights or strong central gov’t
indian removal
nullification
the BUS
the issue for AJ was the use of presidential power (Inherent) –
the president had to represent the people
The culture of Jacksonian Democracy expands
participation
The Whig Party develops….
- In opposition to AJ’s policies and use of power
- support Protective Tariffs and a nat’l banking system
- WH Harrison / Tyler – Whig Presidents
How do each of these developments illustrate
growing American nationalism ?
A Tariff
connecting the states ( roads, canals, rr)
our borders
the 2nd US bank
Monroe Doctrine
SC rulings
The end of the Federalists
Era of “good feelings” -1 party
Rise of the Democratic Party