Social Studies
Final exam review
Exam dates:
June 11- 40 multiple choice questions (40%)
June 9 – one essay (60%)
Contents of final exam

40 multiple choice questions- May 29

One essay – 60 points – May 30
1. Why did people move
West?
Better life
 Opportunities
 Homestead Act

2. Reasons for immigration

Push – why they left their homeland;
war, poverty, oppression

Pull- America- Land of Opportunity; lots
of jobs here
3- immigrate

To come to a new land to settle
4. emigrate
Exit; exodus
 To leave your homeland

5. Theories of immigration
A. old theory – melting pot
 Immigrants erase heritage and adopt
new, American culture.
 B. new theory – salad bowl
 Immigrants add features of their culture
to become part of a new American
culture.

6-nativism
Dislike of foreigners
 Wanted quotas or restrictions on
immigration (1920s)
 Some immigrants were discriminated
against when they arrived

7- muckrakers
Goal- to expose problems caused by
industrialization
 Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives –
tenement life
 Upton Sinclair – The Jungle – horrors of
meatpacking industry and immigrant life
 Ida Tarbell – History of Standard Oil –
unfair business practices of Rockefeller

8- Progressive Movement
Goals- to fix the problems caused by
the Industrial Era
 Wanted to end unfair business practices
such as monopolies, unsafe working
conditions, monopolies, child labor etc.

9- suffrage

Right to vote

Women – 19th amendment

African American Males – 15th
amendment (but with restrictions)
10- laissez-faire

Little or no government regulation or
interference in the economy or business

Led to growth of monopolies
11. Changes caused by
Industrial Revolution

Economic growth due to:




Assembly line- more consumer goods
produced at a lower/cheaper cost
More efficiently produced goods
More jobs in factories
More monopolies and corporations
12-urban/suburban/rural
Urban- city
 Suburban – outside city
 Rural- countryside

13- labor union

Goal-Workers joined together to fight
for better working conditions and
benefits

Unions help employees/workers

VOCABULARY-- EMPLOYER= BOSS
14-assembly line

Production is faster and cheaper

Mass production of goods was more
efficient
15. Jane Addams and
Settlement houses

Jane Addams- social reformer who set
up settlement houses to help poor
people and immigrants

focused on education, health, job
training
16- Big Stick Policy

President Teddy Roosevelt

U.S. “Policeman of the World” especially Latin America
17 A.- imperialism

Take over a nation making it a colony

Due to the nation’s need for resources
and markets during Industrial era

expansion
17B – Manifest Destiny

America’s destiny to be a land from sea
to sea.

Desire for expansion
17 C – Monroe Doctrine
The U.S. declares it’s right to deal with
matters in the Western Hemisphere
 Told Europeans to stay out of the
affairs of the West
 Doctrine was expanded under Teddy
Roosevelt (Roosevelt Corollary)

17 D- Spanish American War


Causes
 Imperialism
 Yellow journalism
 DeLome Letter
 Humanitarian concern for Cuba
 Sinking of the USS Maine ship
Results
U.S. becomes and imperialist nation with colonies
(Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines)
17 E- Open Door Policy with
China

Industrial Age

More trade with China
18 A-World War I


Causes – 1914 (M.A.N.I.A)
 Assassination of Archduke of AustriaHungary
 Germany attacks U.S. ships then we declare
war in 1917.
Results
 Map of Europe changed
18B- U.S. at beginning of
WWI
U.S. Neutral in 1914- “did not affect us”
 U.S. Declares war- 1917
 War ends- 1918

19. Fourteen Points

Woodrow Wilson’s plan for peace
 No more wars
 No secret treaties
 No colonies
 League of Nations- use
diplomacy/talking to settle disputes
20-Treaty of Versailles

Senate refuses to ratify treaty because
of League of Nations

Senate believed League might cause us
to be involved in another conflict

Harsh conditions on Germanyreparations
21. League of Nations

Senate refuses to ratify Treaty of
Versailles bec. of the League. Believed
it might get us more involved in wars.

Wilson wanted it – believed it would
end conflicts; bring peaceful settlement
of problems
22-Roaring Twenties
Era of changes (social, political,
economic)
 Eco- Easy credit meant people could
afford to buy more goods
 Social – New freedoms/ fashions for
women
 Political- Reduced civil liberties; Red Scare

23. Harlem Renaissance

Rebirth of African American culture
centered in Harlem, NY in the 1920s

Poetry/ literature celebrating African
American culture
24. Sacco and Vanzetti
Italian immigrants (anarchists)
convicted of murder with little evidence.
 Lessons:




Nativism – dislike of immigrants
1920’s Red Scare era- fear of different
ideas
Civil liberties can be denied due to fears
25. Quotas- Immigration Acts
1921

Restrictions on immigration - fewer
from Asia and Eastern Europe.

Nativists supported quotas (limits)
26. Scopes (monkey) Trial

1920s- Religious fundamentalism rises

Scopes taught about evolution though it
was banned
27. Red Scare 1920s
Fear communism would spread to USA
 Fear of people who may support
communism
 Fear of immigrants

28- Red Scare 1950s

McCarthyism

Cold War era

Fear of Communism
29. Dust bowl

Drought (no rain) conditions in Great
Plains

Massive dust storms
30. Farmers in the 1920s

Lost farms due to dust bowl

Low crop prices

Moved West
31-Great Depression

Causes:





Mechanization -lost jobs
High tariffs on imports
Easy credit -debt
Stock market crash and panic – 1929
Results:

High unemployment; banks fail, slow
economy; little money to buy goods
32. FDR vs. Hoover

Hoover



Help business help people
Indirect help
FDR


New Deal
Direct help; jobs, loans, aid
33. Hoovervilles
Shanty towns
 People were evicted
 homeless
 Lived in shacks

34. The New Deal

Purpose- Relief, Recover, Reform

Provided jobs, faith in banking

Result-Increased size and responsibility
of government.
35. WWII causes

Germany invades Poland-1939

Japan bombs Pearl Harbor- US enters
war in 1941
36. WWII - results

During the War



War leads to more jobs- Depression ends
More women working
Results



Atom bombs dropped on Japan leads to
war’s end
Now-nuclear age; two superpowers
Arms race; Cold War begins
37. Iron Curtain

Phrase from Winston Churchill
describing the separation between
Western (free) Europe and Eastern
(communist-controlled) Europe.

Post War period
38-Marshall Plan

USA sends financial or economic aid to
help rebuild Western Europe

Keep Europe strong to resist
communism
39-Berlin Blockade

U.S. helps West Berlin which was
blockaded during Cold War
40. Cold War



Tensions between US and USSR after WWII
Korean War, Vietnam War happened during
Cold War
11/9/89 – fall of Berlin Wall – symbolized end
of Cold War.
41- containment

Foreign policy to stop the spread of
communism

During the Cold War
42- NATO






North
Atlantic
Treaty
Organization
Defensive alliance for the West to provide
security to fight the East (Communists)
NATO vs. Warsaw Pact
43. McCarthyism
Anti-communist Senator McCarthy–
1950s
 Ruined careers of people accusing them
of being communist; people’s rights
denied.
 Red Scare era

44. Korean War
1950s
 U.N. (with U.S. support) tries to stop
communist from spreading to South
Korea.
 Border remains at 38 parallel
 Containment – Cold War
 Domino theory

44- Communism

Political system of Soviet Union
45- Cuban Missile Crisis
JFK success
 Nearly a nuclear war
 Soviets had missiles in Cuba (near
Florida)

46. Domino theory

Fear that communism will spread to
neighboring countries especially in
Southeast Asia i.e. Korea and Vietnam

Led to our involvement in two wars
47. Civil Rights Movement
1950s and 1960s
 Sought equal rights for African
American
 Used non-violence
 Leader: Dr. King

48. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

Goals



Desegregation
Equal voting rights
Methods


Passive resistance
Sit-ins; marches, boycotts
49-March on Washington
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr
 “I Have a Dream” speech highlights
inequality and struggles of African
Americans

50. Brown Vs. Board of Ed
1954
No more segregation
 States did not follow this immediately
 Led to desegregation (integration) of
schools and facilities

51- Women’s Rights
Movement

Goals



Career choices
Equal pay
Equal treatment
52. detente

Try to end or ease Cold War tensions

Use diplomacy (negotiations)
Essay (60%)

Write about the contributions of two
individuals discussed in this course.

Which people should you choose?

Focus on their contributions and how
they impacted our nation.
Some examples?

Write the names of five people you
might write about in your final exam
essay.