Balancing
Nationalism and Sectionalism
Chapter 7
Another Revolution Affects America
• Manufacturing moved from
to
– Power-driven machinery
– Specialized workers
•
– Social and economic reorganization
• Started in
IR in USA
(“Father of the Factory
System”)
•
• 1793 - established first textile mill in
America
• 1813 - Francis Cabot
, Nathan
Appleton, and Patrick Tracy Jackson
opened mills
Early Textile Loom
The Lowell/Waltham System:
First Dual-Purpose Textile Plant
Francis Cabot Lowell’s town - 1814
Lowell in 1850
Lowell Mill
Starting for Lowell
Lowell Boarding Houses
Average
hour
work day (12+
hour day)
Lowell Mills
Time Table
New England Dominance in
Textiles
New England
Textile
Centers:
1830s
Two Economic Systems Develop
•
– Invested more money into manufacturing
– Farms were more subsistence than profitdriven
• Climate prevented cash-crops from being
profitable
– Less demand for slavery
•
– Growth of
+
=“
• Plantation slave system spread and grew
”
Eli Whitney’s Gun Factory
Interchangeable Parts* Rifle
"The American System"
• 1815 Madison urged Congress to develop a
plan to unify the country
•
American System:
–A
, to provide
easy and abundant credit
–A
(20-25%)
• The Tariff of 1816
– 1st protective tariff
–A
• Funded from tariff
*President Madison vetoed the bill to give states aid for
infrastructure
– Felt intrastate projects were unconstitutional
Would unite
the US and
make it selfsufficient
Cumberland (National Road),
1811
Conestoga Covered Wagons
Conestoga Trail, 1820s
Erie Canal, 1820s
Begun in 1817; completed in 1825
Erie Canal System
Robert Fulton
& the Steamboat
1807: The Clermont
Principal Canals in 1840
Inland Freight Rates
Be careful
reading
the Y axis!
1816
Electoral vote:
183 to 34
States carried:
16 to 3
Popular vote:
76,592 to 34,740
Percentage:
68.2% to 30.9%
The So-Called Era of Good Feelings
• The time during the
administrations of
President
was known as the
“
”
– political parties were
getting along
• DemocraticRepublican Party
dominant
The Panic of 1819 and
The Curse of Hard Times
• The
was the first
financial panic since President Washington
took office
• Main cause was
in
frontier lands
–“
” western banks
• The BUS became a
“financial devil” to western
farmers
– Foreclosed many farms