America: A Narrative History (Ninth Edition)
Chapter 16 - The War of the Union
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I. The end of the interim period
o A. Lincoln travels to Washington, D.C.
o B. The inauguration
 1. Lincoln reiterates policy positions
o C. Presidential appointments
o D. The conflict begins
 1. Resupply of Fort Sumter
 2. The South’s violent response
 3. Lincoln’s initial steps of war
 a. Call for 75,000 militiamen
 b. Blockade of southern ports
 4. Anderson’s surrender
 5. Reflections on the causes of the war
o E. Secession of the Upper South
 1. Departure of Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina
 2. Eventual creation of West Virginia
o F. Other slave states remain in the Union
 1. Suspension of habeas corpus to hold Maryland
 2. Divided Kentucky
 3. The battle for Missouri
o G. Choosing sides in the South
 1. Lee’s decision to join the Confederacy
 2. Pro-Union sentiment in the South
II. Balance of force
o A. The North’s advantages
 1. Population
 2. Industry
 3. Transportation
o B. The South’s advantages
 1. Defensive position
 2. Strong military leaders
o C. Sea power, an important advantage for the North
III. The war’s early course
o A. First Battle of Bull Run
 1. Basis for confrontation
 2. U.S. Army retreat
 3. Impact of battle
o B. After Bull Run
 1. Northern strategies
 a. Scott’s three-pronged “anaconda“ strategy
 (1) Defend Washington and pressure Richmond
 (2) Naval blockade
 (3) Invade main southern water routes
 2. Southern strategies
 a. Fight to a stalemate
 b. Seek foreign material and diplomatic support
 (1) Mixed record of success in seeking foreign support
IV. Effort to build armies
o A. Initial Union recruits
o B. Confederate army recruitment
 1. Adoption of conscription
 2. Loopholes in Confederate conscription
o C. Union conscription
 1. Exemptions
 2. New York City draft riots
o D. Blacks in the South
 1. Increasing numbers move to support Union as war drags on
 a. Running away
 b. Sabotage
 c. Joining the Union army
Tindall/Shi
America: A Narrative History (Ninth Edition)
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V. The West in the Civil War
o A. Continued western settlement
o B. The Kansas-Missouri border troubles
o C. Indians take sides
o D. Actions in the West
 1. Grant’s move against Forts Donelson and Henry
 2. Battle of Shiloh
VI. The eastern theater
o A. McClellan’s peninsular campaign
 1. McClellan’s character
 2. McClellan’s advance on Richmond
 3. Jackson’s Shenandoah campaign
 4. Lee’s attack on McClellan
 5. Appointment of Halleck as general-in-chief
o B. Second Battle of Bull Run
o C. Slaves in the war
 1. Dilemma of what to do with fugitive slaves who wanted to join Union forces
 2. Lincoln edges toward emancipation
o D. Lee’s invasion at Antietam
 1. McClellan acquires Lee’s battle plans
 2. The war’s bloodiest day
 3. McClellan replaced by Burnside
o E. Battle of Fredericksburg
o F. Assessment of the war at the end of 1862
VII. Emancipation
o A. Emancipation Proclamation
 1. Exemptions in some Confederate areas
 2. Reactions to Emancipation
o B. Blacks in the military
 1. The 54th Massachusetts Regiment
 2. Overall black contribution to Union cause
o C. The Thirteenth Amendment
VIII. The war behind the lines
o A. Women and the war
 1. Traditional restraints on women loosened
 a. Nurses
 b. Other new roles for women
 2. War’s toll on families
o B. The war and religion
 1. Importance of religion to both sides
 2. Clergymen as war advocates
 3. Chaplains and camp revivals
 4. Increasing religious responsibilities for laypeople at home
 5. African American faith and the war
 6. Overall significance of religion in American life
IX. Government during the war
o A. Power shift to the North politically
 1. Measures passed by Congress
 2. Long-term significance for national economy and federal government
o B. Financing the war
 1. Methods used in the North
 a. Increased tariff and excise taxes
 b. Income tax
 c. Issuance of greenbacks
 d. Bonds
 e. Some earn quick fortunes
 2. Confederate finances
 a. Direct taxes on property
 (1) Collection was ineffective
 b. Additional taxes after 1863
 c. Bond issues and paper money
 d. Rampant inflation
Tindall/Shi
America: A Narrative History (Ninth Edition)
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X. Union politics
o A. Pressure of the Radicals
o B. Actions of the Democrats
o C. Suspension of habeas corpus
 1. Constitutional issues
 2. Arrests
 3. Vallandigham case
o D. 1864 election
 1. Democratic campaign
 2. Lincoln and the Republican campaign
 a. National Union ticket
o E. Election results
XI. Confederate politics
o A. Challenges in the Confederacy
o B. Problems of states’ rights and governance in the Confederacy
o C. Davis’s leadership shortcomings
XII. Wearing down the Confederacy
o A. Appointment of Joseph E. Hooker to lead the North
o B. Confederate victory at Chancellorsville
o C. Grant’s successful assault on Vicksburg
o D. Lee again moves north
 1. Lee’s objectives
 2. Convergence at Gettysburg
 3. Pickett’s climactic attack
 4. Lee’s retreat
 5. The Gettysburg Address
o E. Union victory at Chattanooga
XIII. Defeat of the Confederacy
o A. Grant pursues Lee
 1. The Wilderness campaign
 2. Grant’s strategy
 3. Siege of Petersburg
o B. Sherman’s march through the South
 1. Sherman’s pursuit of Johnston
 2. Davis replaces Johnston with John B. Hood
 3. Armies move in opposite directions
 4. Hood’s army destroyed at Franklin and Nashville
 5. Sherman’s destruction of Georgia
 6. Sherman moves into South Carolina
 7. Davis rejects calls for surrender within the Confederacy
o C. Lincoln’s second inaugural address
o D. Lee’s effort to escape the Petersburg siege
o E. Surrender at Appomattox
o F. Other Confederate forces surrender
o G. The Civil War as the first modern war
o H. Why the North won
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