What is the definition
of Mitosis?
What is the definition
of Mitosis?
Nuclear Division
What is the cell cycle?
What is the cell cycle?
Cell Growth
and
Division
What is Chromatin?
What is Chromatin?
(Thin Thread Like)
Stretched out, unwound DNA found
inside the nucleus during Interphase
Looks like spaghetti
USEABLE DNA!!!
What is a Chromosome?
What is a Chromosome?
Coiled up DNA (condensed) version of
chromatin; easier for moving DNA during
Mitosis
Coiling up of
Chromosomes
happens during
PROPHASE
What is the Centromere?
What is the Centromere?
Holds Sister
Chromatids together
Where spindle fibers
grab chromatids to pull
apart
Think:
Centro = center
mere = middle
of chromatids
What are Sister Chromatids?
What are Sister Chromatid?
Two
identical
strands of a
chromosome
that are
attached
What are the Centrioles?
What are the Centrioles?
Organelle in ANIMAL
CELLS that creates the
spindle fibers
“Centrioles go to the
poles”
during Metaphase
What are Spindle Fibers?
What are Spindle Fibers?
Fibers that act like the
“Muscles” of the cell and
move the chromosomes
Name the 4
phases of the
Cell Cycle
Name the 4
phases of the
Cell Cycle
G1 Phase
S Phase
G2 Phase
M Phase
Think: Cell Cycle has
the “S” sound and it
has the “S Phase”
What happens in the G1 Phase
(Gap 1)?
What happens in the G1 Phase
(Gap 1)?
Growth Phase
When cell gets
bigger and makes
lots of proteins and
does its job
1st part of Interphase
What happens in the S Phase?
What happens in the S Phase?
“Synthesis”
Phase
Makes a copy of
the DNA
Single strand
→Double strand
2nd part of
Interphase
What happens in the G2 (Gap 2) Phase?
What happens in the G2 (Gap2)Phase?
“Growth 2” Phase
Cell is getting ready to
divide; Making
organelles and
proteins
3rd part of
Interphase
What happens in the M Phase?
What happens in the M Phase?
Mitosis (PMAT)
and
Cytokinesis
What is the
longest phase of the Cell Cycle?
What is the
longest phase of the Cell Cycle?
Includes: G1, S, G2
Cells are in this phase more than any other
phase
Interphase
Name the
phases of
Mitosis (Nuclear division)
Name the
phases of
Mitosis (Nuclear division)
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
“PMAT”
Name each phase of these phases and
put in the correct order
Name each phase of these phases
And put in the correct order
#2
Metaphase
#4
Telophase
#3
Anaphase
#1
Prophase
When is the
chromatin coiling
(visible) under the
microscope?
(phase)
When is the
chromatin coiling
(visible) under the
microscope?
(phase)
Prophase
What happens in Prophase?
What happens in Prophase?
“Prepare”
Longest phase of Mitosis!!!
1. Chromosomes coil up to make
easier to move
2. Nuclear envelope (membrane)
dissolves
3. Centrioles make spindle fibers
to help move chromosomes
What happens in Metaphase?
What happens in Metaphase?
“Middle”
Chromosomes are lined up in the
middle of the cell
Spindle fibers are attached to sister
chromatids and
Centrioles go to the poles
What happens in Anaphase?
What happens in Anaphase?
“Apart”
Sister Chromatids get pulled apart
by spindle fibers
What happens in Telophase?
What happens in Telophase?
“Tidy Up” (Reverse of Prophase)
1. Uncoiling of chromosomes
2. Nuclear envelope reforms
3. Spindle fibers go away
4. Cytokenesis
What is this called?
When cytoplasm and membrane
pinch in and divides into two cells
???????
What is this called?
When cytoplasm and membrane
pinch in and divides into two cells
Cytokenesis – not a phase; it is
at end of Telophase.
Think: “Cyto-Kut-Nesis”
Cytoplasm gets cut in 2
Cytokenesis in Animal Cells
What structure appears?
Cytokenesis in Animal Cells
What structure appears?
Creates a CLEAVAGE
FURROW
(Think: Animals have
fur)
Cytokenesis in Plant Cells
What structure appears?
Cytokenesis in Plant Cells
What structure appears?
Creates a hard
CELL PLATE
New cell wall between
2 new plant cells
(Think: Plant and Plate)
What are the two new DNA identical cells
made in cell division called?
What are the two new identical cells made
in cell division called?
1 cell divides into
2 new cells
2 Daughter Cells
What regulates the cell cycle?
What regulates the cell cycle?
CYCLINS
Explain the difference between
Internal Regulators and
External Regulators
Explain the difference between internal
regulators and external regulators
Internal regulators are proteins that respond to
events inside the cell to tell it when to go to the
next phase of cell cycle. G1→S→G2→M
Prophase→Metaphase→Anaphase→Telophase
External regulators are proteins that respond to
events outside the cell and tell the cell to speed
up division then slow down to normal again.
EXAMPLE: Cut in the skin or broken bone
What is the mass called when cells
are growing out of control?
Abnormal Cells
What is the mass called when cells are
growing out of control?
TUMOR
What is the condition called when
cells have lost their ability to
control their growth?
What is the condition called when
cells have lost their ability to
control their growth?
FAST
NONE