CH 22 Part 2 RQ
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1 PC 485 – pc 488 – Ticket 497
- If a President is “impeached” –[Only Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton are impeached in our history---Nixon resigns {only President to do so} before impeachment can be voted on and a trial held]— is he/she automatically removed from office?
485- Does this PC support or oppose Johnson’s impeachment?
488- What institution is supposedly ended by Johnson’s veto? (Congress overrides his veto)
497- In which body (Part of Congress) is an impeachment trial held?
2 GBQ 490 – Photo 490 – GBQ 492
Who is the subject of the 1 st two primary sources?
GBQ 490- What does he “urge” for blacks?
Photo 490- How does he “regard” the seceded states?
GBQ 492-
What the 14
What “must” Reconstruction do?
Who? th Amendment called?
Why would she “cut off her arm?”
Which amendment is causing this reaction?
3 Chart 489 – Map(s) 491 – Chart 491
489- Who are the three (3) primary people/groups who attempt to take charge of
Reconstruction policy?
491-Map(s) 3 to the right side
- In 1868 which political party controls the South?
- In 1872 which new party appears (shown in blue)?
- In 1876 which three (3) states are shown as the last to be Republican?
491-Main Map
- Is Tennessee a part of any of the “Military Districts?”
- Which Military District in NC a part? Who is the General in Charge?

- “Redeemer” Governments are established across the South gradually—Who are the
“REDEEMERS?”
491 Chart
- Title?
- In the “comments” –What does Tennessee do that allows this State to avoid “military reconstruction?”
- Why is Georgia admitted – then returned to Military control in 1868?
4 GBQ 493 – Painting 493 – Painting 494
GBQ 493- At the Alabama State Constitutional Convention – What do the newly freed people want, simply?
Painting 493- Title?
When?
Where?
What “constitutes a political and social revolution in the South?”
How do many whites feel about these changes?
Painting 494- Title?
Why is this painting significant?
What is ironic in the caption?
5 GBQ 495 – Photo 496 – GBQ 496
GBQ 495- Who is speaking to Congress? When? What Subject?
What two (2) groups are “victims?”
Which political party is tied to this violent group?
Photo 496- What is this violent group most often called?
GBQ 496- Who are the whites making war upon?
6 Thomas Nast PC from Harper’s Weekly, 1876 p. 499 – GBQ 499
PC 499- Who is Thomas Nast?

GBQ 499-
What is his judgment on whether or not reconstruction has been successful?
Who?
When?
Finish the quote: “no man can be truly free--?
“He was free from the Individual Master, but the _____________ of ______________.
“He was –“literally turned loose, _________________,_________________, and
_______________, to the open sky.
7 VARYING VIEWPOINTS***
Title?
Reconstruction was a topic of study overtime that has triggered “intellectual warfare,” and is even divisive today. WHO IS THE early 1900’s Colombia University Professor who with his students published a series of histories of Reconstruction?
What two (2) factors influenced the writing of the “Dunning School of Historians?” like Stampp?
Does the “Dunning School” judge Reconstruction as positive or negative?
Whom do they blame?
How do 1920s historians view the Civil War and Andrew Johnson?
W.E.B. Dubois founded what National Organization?
His 1935 history of reconstruction views Reconstruction as positive or negative?
What “Movement” that occurs after WWII affects Historians writing about Reconstruction –
What doe they claim/or how do these historians judge Reconstruction?
Which two (2) groups were now heroes?
Is this view the “orthodox” view today?
Historian, Eric Foner, today argues that reconstruction was a---(finish Sentence)
Foner compares American Reconstruction to the end of slavery in which two (2) other areas of the world?

According to Foner is American Reconstruction better to newly freed blacks or worse, comparatively?
What is called the 2 nd Reconstruction—due to its success being based on the legal foundation established by the 13 th , 14 th , and 15 th amendments?
8 The 1 st Congressional session after the end of the Civil War in 1865 begins in December, a full 8 months after the War ends…during which time Johnson declares an end to reconstruction, Black Codes are passed in all former Confederate States, and the Union was completely restored (According to Johnson not Congress) But Congress, especially the “RADICAL REPUBLICANS” WERE UPSET, WHY SPECIFICALLY?
9 What three (3) ACTS of Congress were passed during the war (while there were 0 Southern
Congressmen) that supposedly favored he North?
10 Do the Northern Republicans in Congress allow the newly elected Southern Congressmen, some former Confederate Government leaders or high ranking officers in their military, to take their seats?
11 Now that the war was over and blacks now counted as 5/5ths of a person for Congressional apportionment—How many more seats in the Federal House of Representatives & How many more
Electoral Votes would the former Confederates States now have?
12 What does Andrew Johnson declare December 6, 1865?
JOHNSON CLASHES WITH CONGRESS
13 Which action of AJ in Feb. of 1866 causes further conflict with Congress?
14 In a swift response by Congress to Johnson---They pass what BILL in 1866?
15 Specifically, What are the two (2) purposes of the bill?
16 What does AJ do in response?
17 What does Congress do in response to AJ’s Action?
18 Which Amendment is crafted out of the Civil Rights Bill?
Why make it a Constitutional Amendment?
19 What the four (4) parts of the 14 th Amendment?
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2-
3-
4-
20 What recommendation does AJ give to the Southern states regarding the 14 th Amendment?
Which former Confederate state does ratify the 14
SWINGING ‘ROUND THE CIRCLE’ WITH JOHNSON th amendment immediately?
21 Which type of election occurs in 1866 that were “CRUCIAL?”
22 What was the “Swing round the circle?”
What was Johnson’s purpose?
23 What was the result of the Congressional elections of 1866?
REPUBLICAN PRINCIPLES AND PROGRAMS
24 What are the two (2) groups of Republicans called that despite their 2/3rds majority in both houses of
Congress---disagreed on Reconstruction Policy?
25 Who led the “Radicals” in the US House of Representatives?
26 What was the Radical Republicans plan for the South?
27 What was the “moderate” Republicans plan for the South?
28 Which group was the majority---Radicals or Moderates?
29 What was the one thing that both agreed on by 1867?
How would they enforce this idea?

RECONSTRUCTION BY THE SWORD
30 Violence by whites against blacks and white Republican “scalawags” and “carpetbaggers” by the
PARAMILITARY FORCE----the KKK/Red Shirts—etc… began to spread across the South. IN RESPONSE
THE REPUBLICANS DEMANDED CONGRESS PASS WHAT ACT MARCH 2 ND , 1867?
31 What are the four (4) specific things mentioned in this 1 st paragraph that this ACT does?
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32 What two (2) new more stringent (Harsh) requirements does Congress require for ALL FORMER
CONFEDERATE STATES, except Tennessee (They had already ratified the 14 th amendment), to do before they will be readmitted back into the Union?
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2-
33 What did this act NOT do at Federal expense? (2)
34 What does the 15 th Amendment state EXACTLY (COPY)?
35 How does the Supreme Court in the case, Ex Parte Milligan, 1866, call into question, perhaps, the
Constitutionality of the 1867 Military Reconstruction Act?
36 By 1870 what had ALL Southern States accomplished?
37 However, by 1877, all Southern States were now ruled by which group & party –ending
Reconstruction? [Due to the ************COMPROMISE OF 1877********** WE WILL SEE THIS IN CH 23
PART 1  ]
38 What group leaving the South was the key to “Redeemers” regaining control of each Southern State?
NO WOMEN VOTERS
39 Name the three (3) “reconstruction amendments” to the Constitution?

40 Which group was happy with the three (3) amendments & which group was disappointed with the three (3) amendments?
41 What about the 14 th amendment bothered many women’s rights activists?
42 What word did Anthony and Stanton want included in the 15 th Amendment, but fail?
THE REALITIES OF RADICAL RECONSTRUCTION
43 Blacks were now ALL free- had citizenship and equal protection—and black men could now vote…..What Organization is founded to help newly freed Southern Black Men organize politically to take advantage of their new suffrage?
44 Name four (4) ways other than voting that the Organization helped newly freed blacks in the South
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45 Due to the Military Reconstruction Act of 1867---by 1870 all Southern States had to create new State
Constitutions---using a Constitutional Convention---all of the former Confederate States had to have new
State Constitutions that had provisions that were consistent with the 13 th , 14 th , and 15 th amendments.
What were the roles of black men at the conventions and to what degree does black political participation increase?
46 How many black men are elected to the US Senate & US House of Representatives between 1868 &
1876?
47 How do blacks serve in state and local governments now that they have the vote in the South?
48 Define Individually;
Scalawags-
Carpetbaggers-
49 The “Radical Republican” Governments that controlled ALL FORMER CONFEDERATE STATES DURING
MILITARY RECONSTRUCTION do have some success. What four (4) specific positive achievements are credited to these “radical” Southern Governements?
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50 GRAFT-
51 Which two (2) states specifically are claimed to be run in a “corrupt” manner by “radical” governments in the South during Military Reconstruction?
52 One spectacular example of “graft” or corruption was a Governor---what did he supposedly do?
53 Was corruption in Government limited to the South? YES NO
What person and State in the North is used as an example of being corrupt?
THE KKK
54 What was the most notable—of the “secret organizations” that develop in the South during Military
Reconstruction to violently “REDEEM” OR RETURN TO ALL WHITE RULE?
55 As a tool of the “REDEEMERS” –white only Southern Democratic Party—many groups such as the KKK and Red Shirts across the Confederacy commit so many acts of terror and violence against blacks and white republicans (scalawags and carpetbaggers) ---why –for what purpose?
56 How does Congress act in 1870 & 1871 in response to the massive coordinated violence against blacks to deny them their new Constitutional rights?
57 What three (3) ways beginning in about 1890 (JIM CROW LAWS) were used by Southern States to
“disenfranchise” (take the vote away) from black men?
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JOHNSON WALKS THE IMPEACHMENT PLANK
58 What act do the Republicans in Congress pass in 1867 in attempt to trap Andrew Jackson?
59 What exactly does the “Tenure of Office Act” require the President to do?
Is the Act Constitutional-why or why not?
Whom did the radicals want to protect that served in Johnson’s cabinet?
60 Early in 1868 what does Congress do in an attempt to get rid of AJ?
NOT GUILTY VERDICT FOR JOHNSON

61 In 1868, where is the scene of the trial of Andrew Johnson?
62 By what margin is Johnson saved from removal from office?
How many Republicans vote “not guilty?”
63 What promise does Johnson make to the Republicans that appears to be why they let him stay in office?
64 According to the text---Was Johnson Guilty of “High Crimes and Misdemeanors?”
What dangerous precedent was perhaps avoided, according to the text?
THE HERITAGE OF RECONSTRUCTION
67 How do many Southerners regard Reconstruction?
68 What four (4) specific consequences of Reconstruction did they (Southerners) resent?
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69 The fact that Lincoln, Johnson, nor most Republicans had a clear picture of what Federal Policy toward the South should be----*****
-What two (2) somewhat contradictory motivations guide their policy?
- In the end—How does Reconstruction affect both blacks and the Republican Party?
70 What two (2) obstacles do the moderate Republicans “never fully appreciate” and thus doom
Reconstruction?
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71 Name the four (4) “too formidable” obstacles to be overcome to make Reconstruction work?
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