Mrs. Poochigian’s Fall Semester 2015 Study Guide Psychology Semester 1 Study Guide for Semester 1 Exam Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, & 6 100 Multiple Choice and 2 FRQ Multiple Choice Questions to come from past quizzes Binder paper will be needed for the essay portion. Chapter 1 History and Approaches Psychology Perspectives and major beliefs associated with each: Behaviorism, Cognitive, Social-Cultural, Biological, Humanistic, Psychoanalytic Perspectives Main Contributors/Contributions: James, Wundt, Tichener, Watson, Pavlov, Skinner, Maslow Chapter 2 Research Methods Types of research methods: naturalistic, case study, survey, correlational, experiment Downfalls and Benefits of each type of method Components of an experiment: independent, dependent, confounding variables Measures of Central tendency: Mean, median, mode Measures of variation: standard deviation Validity vs. Reliability Bell Curve: positive vs. negatively skewed Random Assignment Statistical Significance Placebo: Why do we use it? What are the benefits? Understand ethical principles of the APA when using research and experiments. Chapter 3: Biological Bases of Behavior Action potential and neural transmission Absolute refractory period Neuron: purpose and function of; dendrite, axon, myelin sheath, terminal buttons, synaptic gap Purpose of mirror neurons Limbic System: Hippocampus, Amygdala, Hypothalamus Neurotransmitters and Functions: Serotonin, Dopamine, Acetylcholine, Excitatory and Inhibitory Divisions of the peripheral nervous system: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Endocrine System and Glands: Pancreas, Thyroid, Adrenal, Pituitary o Hormones associated with endocrine system Tools to Discover the Brain: EEG, MRI, PET, CAT Hemispheric Specialization: right brain vs. left brain functions Agonist vs Antagonist Parts of the brain and function: medulla, cerebellum, brain stem, etc. Lobes and cortex’ of the brain: parietal, temporal, occipital, frontal, motor cortex, visual cortex Feature Detectors Brain Plasiticity Broca’s Area vs. Wernicke’s Area Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception Absolute threshold Definition of sensory adaptation Visual acuity, ie. Fovea Anatomical structure of the eye: Parts and Functions Visual receptors: rods, cones, bipolar, and ganglion cells Anatomical structure of the ear and functions Theories of color: Opponent Process vs. Trichromatic Gate Control Theory of Pain Binocular and monocular depth cues Gestalt Principles of Organization: figure-ground, closure, proximity, similarity, continuity, connectedness Perceptual Constancy: size, shape, color Chapter 5: States of Consciousness Sleep disorders and treatments: narcolepsy, sleep apnea, insomnia Biological clock: circadian rhythm Psychoactive Drugs Categories and affects: depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens Psychoactive Drugs: drugs that fall into each category Stages of sleep Tolerance Withdrawal Chapter 6: Learning Classical Conditioning components: US, UR, CS, CR Generalization, Discrimination, Extinction, Spontaneous Recovery Latent Learning Operant Conditioning and Components: positive vs. negative reinforcement; positive vs. negative punishment Primary vs. Secondary reinforcers Successive Approximations (shaping) Continuous vs. Partial (Intermittent) Reinforcement Schedules: Ratio vs. Interval, Fixed vs. Variable Social Learning Theory: Observational Learning; Bandura’s Bobo doll Experiment