Unit 6 Test Review
Industrialization & Urbanization
Name of each model?
• A – Concentric Zone – Burgess
• B – Sector Model – Hoyt
• C – Multiple Nuclei – Ullman & Harris
What theory?
• It is shown to be a widely
dispersed, multi-centered
metropolis consisting of
increasingly independent zones,
each focused on its own suburban
downtown; the only exception is
the shrunken central area, which is
focused on the Central Business
District (CBD).
Urban Realms
• Muller & Hartshorn
What model? What does read
represent? Yellow?
Walter Christaller’s Central Place
Theory
• City – specialized goods
• Hamlet or Village – common goods
Industrialized zone from Britain,
through Eurasia, to Japan is called
what?
Urban Banana
In Burgess & Hoyt models, what
are the areas?
•
•
•
•
•
1–
2–
3–
4–
5–
CBD
Factories/Industry
Working Class Housing
Middle Class Housing
Commuter Zone / High Class Housing
How is Hoyt’s model different from
Burgess?
Areas develop in multiple zones;
“other side of the tracks” is seen
How is CBD the same for Burgess
and Hoyt?
Both in center
How is CBD different in Ullman &
Harris model?
Not as centralized, and creation of
edge cities make it less important
Can you label the model?
Parts of Multiple Nuclei Model
3
2
1
3
4
3
6
9
5
1 – CBD
2 – Wholesale/Light Manuf.
3 – Low income housing
4 – Medium income housing
5 – High income housing
6 – Heavy manufacturing
7 – Outerlying BD (EDGE city)
8 – Residential suburb
9 – Industrial suburb
7
8
Name of Harold Hotelling model,
and what was he analyzing?
Variable Revenue Analysis
• Locational Interdependence
3 Things that led to
suburbanization?
• Increased service jobs & standard of living
• Affordable cars
• Interstate Highway System
______ is to Borchert’s 2nd stage as
_____ is to the added 5th stage.
Borchert’s Epoch Period –
Communication & Transportation
• 1st – Sail-wagon – low technology
• 2nd – Iron Horse – steam-powered locomotive;
spreading rails
• 3rd – Steel – Rail – full impact of trains
• 4th – Auto-Air-Amenity – gasw pwered engine
• 5th – High Technology – expansion of service &
information industries (telecommuting /
Skype)
Transportation and Proximity to
market are what type of factors?
Situational Factors
• Situation to market
Factors that are concerned with
cost of production – labor, factory,
capital, land, etc?
Site Factors
Less crime is benefit of
gentrification or suburbanization?
Suburbanization
• More people – more crime – always
Benefits of Suburbanization?
•
•
•
•
Less Crime
Better Education
More Space (land/yards)
Less Traffic
Benefits of Gentrification?
•
•
•
•
•
City Life (amenities)
Heterogeneous (diverse) population
Cheaper Houses
Unique Architecture
Closer to work – no/less commute
Benefits of SEZs, FTZs, and EPZs?
•
•
•
•
•
Less regulatory laws (ex. Labor laws)
Subsidized rents
No/Low tax zones
Few environmental laws
Paid for infrastructure (factories already built)
___is to Christaller as ___ is to Weber
• Christaller – Central Place Theory
• Weber – Least Cost Theory
3 Factors of Weber’s Theory
• Minimize Labor costs
• Minimize Transportation costs
• Maximize Economies of Agglomeration
What urban model has a “spine”
down the middle?
Latin American Urban Model
Name of Latin American Model?
Griffin – Ford Model
What do European urban areas
and the Latin American model have
in common?
• High class homes surround CBD, unlike in U.S.
where affluent homes are in the suburbs
Test Prep Advice
• This was just a sampling of topics – make sure
you also know all parts of your Study Guide
that we went over in class (1-66) and study
the notes online for additional help.