Unit 2 Study Guide (Nature/Nurture, Lifespan Development)
Name: __________________
Nature and Nurture in Psychology
1) When referring to the “nature-nurture issue:”
a. Nature refers to –
b. Nurture refers to –
2) What does the “heritability” of a trait refer to?
3) What is the difference between identical and fraternal twins?
4) How do twin and adoption studies help us understand nature and individual differences?
5) What traits/characteristics are determined more by environmental influences (“nurture”)?
6) What traits/characteristics are determined more by genetic influences (“nature”)?
Lifespan Development: Physical, Cognitive, Social &Moral Changes
7) How do the zygote, embryo, and fetus differ from one another?
a. zygote –
b. embryo –
c. fetus –
8) What is the social clock, and what sorts of things affect how it is set?
9) What is Alzheimer’s disease?
10) Do memory and level of intelligence normally increase, decrease, or stay the same as we
grow older?
11) What is the difference between fluid and crystallized intelligence?
12) Describe each of the following theories of language acquisition (how we learn language):
a. Chomsky –
b. Skinner’s –
c. Whorf (Linguistic Relativity) –
13) What are critical periods? How is the Genie case an example of a critical period?
14) Briefly describe each of Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development. Identify the key
developmental events at each stage.
1)
2)
3)
4)
15) Describe schema & provide one example.
16) How do people develop schema?
17) What three elements contribute to attachment during infancy and childhood?
1)
2)
3)
18) What did Harry Harlow’s infant monkey study suggest about attachment?
19) Briefly summarize each of Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development. What is the major
social task that must be accomplished at each stage?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
20) \What are Kohlberg’s three levels of moral development? Describe each one.
1)
2)
3)