AMPHIBIANS
HOLT BIOLOGY
CH. 30
Pg. 739-750
CHARACTERISTIC OF AMPHIBIANS
• LEGS (most)
CHARACTERISTIC OF AMPHIBIANS
• LEGS (most)
• LUNGS
CHARACTERISTIC OF AMPHIBIANS
• LEGS (most)
• LUNGS
• DOUBLE-LOOP CIRCULATION
CHARACTERISTIC OF AMPHIBIANS
• LEGS (most)
• LUNGS
• DOUBLE-LOOP CIRCULATION
• PARTIALLY DIVIDED HEART
CHARACTERISTIC OF AMPHIBIANS
• LEGS (most)
• LUNGS
• DOUBLE-LOOP CIRCULATION
• PARTIALLY DIVIDED HEART
• CUTANEOUS (skin) RESPIRATION
– Live on land, but must stay close to water
MOVEMENT AND RESPONSE
• Strong endoskeleton needed to support gravity
on land
MOVEMENT AND RESPONSE
• Strong endoskeleton needed to support gravity
•
on land
Good sense of hearing and sight
MOVEMENT AND RESPONSE
• Strong endoskeleton needed to support gravity
•
on land
Good sense of hearing and sight
– Hunting
MOVEMENT AND RESPONSE
• Strong endoskeleton needed to support gravity
•
on land
Good sense of hearing and sight
– Hunting
– Avoid predators
MOVEMENT AND RESPONSE
• Strong endoskeleton needed to support gravity
•
on land
Good sense of hearing and sight
– Hunting
– Avoid predators
– Eye covered in third eyelid (NICTITATING
MEMBRANE)
MOVEMENT AND RESPONSE
• Strong endoskeleton needed to support gravity
•
on land
Good sense of hearing and sight
– Hunting
– Avoid predators
– Eye covered in third eyelid (NICTITATING
MEMBRANE)
– Inner ear detects sound transmitted through
TYMPANIC MEMBRANE-vibration sent through fluid,
tiny sensitive hairs then to nerves
RESPIRATION
• Amphibians get oxygen from
RESPIRATION
• Amphibians get oxygen from
– Skin
RESPIRATION
• Amphibians get oxygen from
– Skin
– Lungs
RESPIRATION
• Amphibians get oxygen from
– Skin
– Lungs
– Mouth
RESPIRATION
• Amphibians get oxygen from
– Skin
– Lungs
– Mouth
• LUNGS
RESPIRATION
• Amphibians get oxygen from
– Skin
– Lungs
– Mouth
• LUNGS
– Larval state has gills
RESPIRATION
• Amphibians get oxygen from
– Skin
– Lungs
– Mouth
• LUNGS
– Larval state has gills
– Most adults breathe with lungs
RESPIRATION
• Amphibians get oxygen from
– Skin
– Lungs
– Mouth
• LUNGS
– Larval state has gills
– Most adults breathe with lungs
• Bag-like organ that allows for exchange of oxygen and
carbon dioxide
RESPIRATION
• Amphibians get oxygen from
– Skin
– Lungs
– Mouth
• LUNGS
– Larval state has gills
– Most adults breathe with lungs
• Bag-like organ that allows for exchange of oxygen and
carbon dioxide
• Great surface area (due to folds in tissue)
RESPIRATION
• Amphibians get oxygen from
– Skin
– Lungs
– Mouth
• LUNGS
– Larval state has gills
– Most adults breathe with lungs
• Bag-like organ that allows for exchange of oxygen and
carbon dioxide
• Great surface area (due to folds in tissue)
• Lower bottom jaw to draw air in, lift lower jaw to force waste
gas out
RESPIRATION
• Amphibians get oxygen from
– Skin
– Lungs
– Mouth
• LUNGS
– Larval state has gills
– Most adults breathe with lungs
• Bag-like organ that allows for exchange of oxygen and
carbon dioxide
• Great surface area (due to folds in tissue)
• Lower bottom jaw to draw air in, lift lower jaw to force waste
gas out
• 20 times more oxygen than water
RESPIRATION
– SKIN (CUTANEOUS BREATHING)
RESPIRATION
– SKIN (CUTANEOUS BREATHING)
• Skin is thin and moist
RESPIRATION
– SKIN (CUTANEOUS BREATHING)
• Skin is thin and moist
• Gases passed right through skin
RESPIRATION
– SKIN (CUTANEOUS BREATHING)
• Skin is thin and moist
• Gases passed right through skin
• Mucous glands help keep skin moist
CIRCULATION
• More efficient than fish
CIRCULATION
• More efficient than fish
• PARTIALLY DIVIDED HEART
CIRCULATION
• More efficient than fish
• PARTIALLY DIVIDED HEART
– SEPTUM (wall) divides top (ATRIA) of heart
CIRCULATION
• More efficient than fish
• PARTIALLY DIVIDED HEART
– SEPTUM (wall) divides top (ATRIA) of heart
– Blood MIXES (oxygen rich and oxygen poor)
in VENTRICLES
CIRCULATION
• More efficient than fish
• PARTIALLY DIVIDED HEART
– SEPTUM (wall) divides top (ATRIA) of heart
– Blood MIXES (oxygen rich and oxygen poor)
in VENTRICLES
– SEE PG. 742 DIAGRAM
CIRCULATION
• More efficient than fish
• PARTIALLY DIVIDED HEART
– SEPTUM (wall) divides top (ATRIA) of heart
– Blood MIXES (oxygen rich and oxygen poor)
in VENTRICLES
– SEE PG. 742 DIAGRAM
– Ventricle contracts and sends blood to vessels
of rest of body
CIRCULATION
• DOUBLE LOOP CIRCULATION
CIRCULATION
• DOUBLE LOOP CIRCULATION
– See pg. 743 (compare fish to amphibians)
CIRCULATION
• DOUBLE LOOP CIRCULATION
– See pg. 743 (compare fish to amphibians)
– PULMONARY VEINS-carry oxygen rich blood
from lungs to heart
CIRCULATION
• DOUBLE LOOP CIRCULATION
– See pg. 743 (compare fish to amphibians)
– PULMONARY VEINS-carry oxygen rich blood
from lungs to heart
– Second loop carries oxygen rich blood from
heart to body
CIRCULATION
• DOUBLE LOOP CIRCULATION
– See pg. 743 (compare fish to amphibians)
– PULMONARY VEINS-carry oxygen rich blood
from lungs to heart
– Second loop carries oxygen rich blood from
heart to body
– High pressure
GROUPS OF AMPHIBIANS
• 3 main groups
GROUPS OF AMPHIBIANS
• 3 main groups
– SALAMANDERS (have legs and tail)
GROUPS OF AMPHIBIANS
• 3 main groups
– SALAMANDERS (have legs and tail)
– CAECILLIAN (no legs)
GROUPS OF AMPHIBIANS
• 3 main groups
– SALAMANDERS (have legs and tail)
– CAECILLIAN (no legs)
– FROGS/TOADS (legs, no tail)
SALAMANDERS
• Long tail
MUDPUPPY
NEWT
SALAMANDERS
• Long tail
• Smooth, moist skin
SALAMANDERS
• Long tail
• Smooth, moist skin
• 400 species
SALAMANDERS
• Long tail
• Smooth, moist skin
• 400 species
• Need to keep skin moist
SALAMANDERS
• Long tail
• Smooth, moist skin
• 400 species
• Need to keep skin moist
• Active during night
SALAMANDERS
• Long tail
• Smooth, moist skin
• 400 species
• Need to keep skin moist
• Active during night
• Tongues that extend to capture prey
SALAMANDERS
• Long tail
• Smooth, moist skin
• 400 species
• Need to keep skin moist
• Active during night
• Tongues that extend to capture prey
• Lay eggs in water/moist areas
SALAMANDERS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Long tail
Smooth, moist skin
400 species
Need to keep skin moist
Active during night
Tongues that extend to capture prey
Lay eggs in water/moist areas
External fertilization
SALAMANDERS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Long tail
Smooth, moist skin
400 species
Need to keep skin moist
Active during night
Tongues that extend to capture prey
Lay eggs in water/moist areas
External fertilization
Female picks up sperm packet and fertilizes self
SALAMANDERS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Long tail
Smooth, moist skin
400 species
Need to keep skin moist
Active during night
Tongues that extend to capture prey
Lay eggs in water/moist areas
External fertilization
Female picks up sperm packet and fertilizes self
Some retain gills into adulthood (MUD PUPPIES)
CAECILIANS
• Burrowing amphibians (some aquatic)
CAECILLIAN
CAECILIANS
• Burrowing amphibians (some aquatic)
• Bony scales imbedded in skin
CAECILIANS
• Burrowing amphibians (some aquatic)
• Bony scales imbedded in skin
• Wormlike
CAECILIANS
• Burrowing amphibians (some aquatic)
• Bony scales imbedded in skin
• Wormlike
• Most blind
CAECILIANS
• Burrowing amphibians (some aquatic)
• Bony scales imbedded in skin
• Wormlike
• Most blind
• Teeth capture prey (worms/insects)
CAECILIANS
• Burrowing amphibians (some aquatic)
• Bony scales imbedded in skin
• Wormlike
• Most blind
• Teeth capture prey (worms/insects)
• Tentacle to sense chemicals given off by
prey
CAECILIANS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Burrowing amphibians (some aquatic)
Bony scales imbedded in skin
Wormlike
Most blind
Teeth capture prey (worms/insects)
Tentacle to sense chemicals given off by prey
Male deposits sperm packet into female
CAECILIANS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Burrowing amphibians (some aquatic)
Bony scales imbedded in skin
Wormlike
Most blind
Teeth capture prey (worms/insects)
Tentacle to sense chemicals given off by prey
Male deposits sperm packet into female
Female guards eggs until hatched
FROGS/TOADS
• 4,000 species (ANURANS)
FROGS/TOADS
• 4,000 species (ANURANS)
• Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)
FROGS/TOADS
• 4,000 species (ANURANS)
• Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)
• Long sticky tongue
FROGS/TOADS
•
•
•
•
4,000 species (ANURANS)
Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)
Long sticky tongue
Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)
FROGS/TOADS
•
•
•
•
•
4,000 species (ANURANS)
Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)
Long sticky tongue
Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)
Muscular legs for power
FROGS/TOADS
•
•
•
•
•
•
4,000 species (ANURANS)
Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)
Long sticky tongue
Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)
Muscular legs for power
Frog-smooth skin, toad-bumpy skin
FROGS/TOADS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
4,000 species (ANURANS)
Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)
Long sticky tongue
Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)
Muscular legs for power
Frog-smooth skin, toad-bumpy skin
Male fertilizes eggs externally
FROGS/TOADS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
4,000 species (ANURANS)
Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)
Long sticky tongue
Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)
Muscular legs for power
Frog-smooth skin, toad-bumpy skin
Male fertilizes eggs externally
TADPOLES hatch from eggs
FROGS/TOADS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
4,000 species (ANURANS)
Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)
Long sticky tongue
Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)
Muscular legs for power
Frog-smooth skin, toad-bumpy skin
Male fertilizes eggs externally
TADPOLES hatch from eggs
– Have gills for breathing
FROGS/TOADS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
4,000 species (ANURANS)
Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)
Long sticky tongue
Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)
Muscular legs for power
Frog-smooth skin, toad-bumpy skin
Male fertilizes eggs externally
TADPOLES hatch from eggs
– Have gills for breathing
– Eat algae
FROGS/TOADS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
4,000 species (ANURANS)
Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)
Long sticky tongue
Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)
Muscular legs for power
Frog-smooth skin, toad-bumpy skin
Male fertilizes eggs externally
TADPOLES hatch from eggs
– Have gills for breathing
– Eat algae
– Hind legs develop
FROGS/TOADS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
4,000 species (ANURANS)
Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)
Long sticky tongue
Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)
Muscular legs for power
Frog-smooth skin, toad-bumpy skin
Male fertilizes eggs externally
TADPOLES hatch from eggs
–
–
–
–
Have gills for breathing
Eat algae
Hind legs develop
METAMORPHOSIS