Chapter 2
It’s Alive or Is It?
A membrane-covered structure that
contains all of the materials necessary for
life
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Cell
A membrane-covered structure that
contains all of the materials necessary
for life
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Anything that affects the activity of
an organism, organ or tissue
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Stimulus
Anything that affects the activity of
an organism, organ or tissue
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The maintenance of a stable internal
environment
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Homeostasis
The maintenance of a stable internal
environment
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Reproduction in which a single parent
produces offspring that are genetically
identical to the parent
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Asexual reproduction
Reproduction in which a single parent
produces offspring that are genetically
identical to the parent
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Reproduction in which two parents are
required to produce offspring that will
share characteristics of both parents
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Sexual reproduction
Reproduction in which two parents are
required to produce offspring that will
share characteristics of both parents
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Hereditary material that controls all of
the activities of a cell, contains the
information to make new cells, and
provides instructions for making proteins
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DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
Hereditary material that controls all of the
activities of a cell, contains the information to
make new cells, and provides instructions for
making proteins
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The passing of traits from parent to
offspring
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Heredity
The passing of traits from parent to
offspring
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The combined chemical processes
that occur in a cell or living organism
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Metabolism
The combined chemical processes that
occur in a cell or living organism
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An organism that uses sunlight directly to
make sugar
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Producer
An organism that uses sunlight directly to
make sugar
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An organism that eats producers or
other organisms for energy
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Consumer
An organism that eats producers or other
organisms for energy
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An organism that gets energy by
breaking down the remains of dead
organisms and consuming or absorbing
the nutrients
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Decomposer
An organism that gets energy by breaking
down the remains of dead organisms
and consuming or absorbing the
nutrients
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An organism that gets energy by eating
dead things, like a vulture
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Scavenger
An organism that gets energy by eating
dead things, like a vulture
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An organism that feeds on another living
creature, usually without killing it
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Parasite
An organism that feeds on another living
creature, usually without killing it
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A biochemical that is composed of amino
acids; its functions include regulating
chemical reactions, transporting and
storing materials, and providing support
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Protein
A biochemical that is composed of amino acids;
its functions include regulating chemical
reactions, transporting and storing materials,
and providing support
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A biochemical composed of one or more
simple sugars bonded together that is
used as a source of energy and to store
energy
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Carbohydrate
A biochemical composed of one or more
simple sugars bonded together that is
used as a source of energy and to store
energy
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A type of biochemical that does not
dissolve in water; including fats and oils,
they store energy and make up cell
membranes
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Lipid
A type of biochemical that does not
dissolve in water; including fats and
oils, they store energy and make up cell
membranes
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A molecule that forms much of the
cell membrane
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Phospholipid
A molecule that forms much of the
cell membrane
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A biochemical that stores
information needed to build proteins
and other nucleic acids; made up of
subunits called nucleotides
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Nucleic acid
A biochemical that stores information
needed to build proteins and other
nucleic acids; made up of subunits
called nucleotides
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The molecule that provides energy
for a cell’s activities
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ATP (adenosine
triphosphate)
The molecule that provides energy
for a cell’s activities
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