Year 11
Revision
How should I revise?
• Know what you need to revise;
• Split the units in different sections (eg.
Landforms / processes / management)
• Understand and know how to define the key
terms
• Have detail in your knowledge of case studies
• Tackle questions – practice marking each other’s
responses. Use pages 202-204 from textbook
Unit 1
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Key terms
Megacity
Urbanisation
Urban sprawl
Suburbs
Floodplain
Dereliction
Mixed use
Redevelopment
• Commuters
• Integrated transport
system
• Biofuel
• Slums
• Brownfield / greenfield
• Carbon zero
• Urban regeneration
• Eco-homes / towns
• Urban heat island
Living in an urban
world
Urban issues in LEDCs
Hazards in urban areas
Sustainable urban development
Regeneration and
redevelopment
Living in an ever increasingly urban
world
• What are the global patterns?
• What is the link between urbanisation and
economic growth?
• Which countries are driving this move to
an increasingly urban world?
What are the problems resulting from
living in an urban world?
• Key case study = China
• 2008 – 16/20 most polluted cities were
found in china. Especially chongqing – see
notes re. number of high rise buildings.
• A landfill opened in 2003 already is filled
with more than a million tonnes of rubbish.
• World Health Org. says that lack of safe
water and proper sanitation accounts for
12% child deaths in developing countries.
Natural hazards in urban areas
• Los Angeles – why is it known as a multi hazard
city?
• Why are towns / cities vulnerable to flooding?
• What is the Thames region flood
management plan?
1) Planning – reduce building on floodplains
2) Increase river corridors / open space
(sustainable approach)
3) Use existing floodplains better
4) Flood defences
Medcs – reducing deprivation and
improving quality of life
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WHO – a child living in
one suburb in Glasgow
can expect to live 28
years less than a child
born 13km away.
How can deprives
areas be improved?
Measuring problems in
area
Improving housing
Building community
spirit.
• Examples
Watcombe – Devon. A poor
housing estate has had
central heating upgraded,
ventilation, insulation
installed. Health and wellbeing improved.
Hackney – better street
lighting, green space,
community centres built,
low level flats
Urban redevelopment – its all about
Brindleyplace!
Part of a bigger regeneration
project - birmingham
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The Mailbox – shopping centre
£550 million for New Street station
£35 million development of city hospital
Bullring shopping centre – 35 million
visitors a year
• Mixed use development
Managing movement – integrated
transport system.
• 80% journeys made by car
• Congestion – ¼ all roads in UK
are congested every day
• Pollution
• Business costs - £24 billion
loss to business every year.
• Curitiba – Know the methods
implemented.
• Results? 1.3 million
passengers every day
• 80% of all commuters use
buses
• 30 million fewer car trips a year
• Cleaner environment
• Cambridge guided busway
(CGB)
• Plus points
• Links villages to city
• Reduces need for cars
• Fast service in Cambridge –
10 mins
• Re-using old train line – less
land required
• Wi-fi
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Negatives
Is it open yet?
Cost = £116 million
Engineering problems
Coping with growth in cities in
LEDCs
• By 2030 1 in 3 people will
be living in slums
• Africa has fastest growth
– kibera
• Asia has greatest number
= 600 million
• Challenges = providing
adequate housing and
services for urban poor
• Mumbai
• Population 15 million
• Half of population live in
slums – pavement
dwellers.
• Dharavi.
• Nairobi – capital of
Kenya. 60% live in slums.
• Disease rife, crime, lack
of safety.
BUT! How can urban growth create opportunities for development?
Step to better life / Water / education health more accessible / jobs
Schemes to get people out of
slums
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COHAB – Curitiba housing programme
‘homes not shelters’
Self help schemes
NGOs – wateraid, oxfam,
clintonfoundation
• Rubbish collection in Dar es Salaam
Eco – homes – BEDZED of course!
Sustainable living
• Energy, waste, transport, environment,
homes, work. All factors to be considered
to meet sustainable goal.
• Examples:
• Greenhouse development – Leeds former
industrial building now carbon zero
development. (mixed use)
• Bedzed – Sutton (south london)
• China – Chongming island
Ecotowns
• Use an example to know what the
development is like; where / how
• What are the arguments surrounding their
development?
• NIMBYISM
Exam practice
• Why are urban populations in LEDCs growing
rapidly? (4)
• Describe the environmental problems caused by
urban growth. Use an example. (6 marks)
• Describe the problems that natural hazards
cause in urban areas. (6)
• Explain how the effects of natural hazards in
urban areas can be reduced. (6)
• Explain how urban redevelopment projects can
improve socio-economic conditions and
environmental conditions. (8)