Aim: Why did the Compromise of 1820 and the
Compromise of 1850 increase Sectionalism in the U.S?
Do Now: Copy down the two laws below:
Northwest Ordinance of 1787- proposed by Jefferson this created the
Northwest Territory, organized its governing structure, and
established the procedures by which territories were admitted as
states to the Union. It also prohibited slavery in all American
territories north and west of the Ohio River.
Wilmot Proviso of 1846- was a bold attempt by opponents of slavery
to ban slavery in the territories purchased from Mexico following
the Mexican War.
•MANIFEST DESTINY
1. IS THE BELIEF THAT AMERICA HAS BEEN CHOSEN BY GOD TO SPREAD FROM THE ATL. TO
THE PACIFIC AND PERHAPS ALL OF NORTH AMERICA.
A. ECONOMIC FORCES
•LAND REPRESENTS NEW OPPURTUNITIES
•MORE LAND IN THE SOUTH FOR THE EXPANSION OF THE
COTTON KINGDOM
•MERCHANTS WANT ACCESS TO PACIFIC (WESTERN) MARKETS AND PORTS
•THE GREAT MIGRATION WESTWARD
1. WITH AMERICANS MOVING WEST NEW TERRITORIES WERE CREATED
A. NEW TERRITORIES WANTED TO JOIN THE UNION AND BECOME STATES
•DETERMINING THE STATUS OF SLAVERY IN THESE NEW TERRITORIES
WOULD TEAR THE NATION APART.
•WAS THE IMPETUS FOR ALL THE SECTIONAL TENSION UP TO THE
CIVIL WAR.
REVIEW: Slavery had come to America in 1619. It existed through the
American Revolution, even after Thomas Jefferson wrote his famous lines in
the Declaration of Independence, "All men are created equal. They are
endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights. That among these
are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." Obviously, slaves were not part
of this equation.
When it came time to write the Constitution, the word "slavery" was never
used. Instead, the framers chose to use the term "other people." These other
people were considered property and only counted as 3/5 of a person for the
purposes of representation in Congress according to the 3/5 Compromise.
This compromise kept slavery in the United States intact. The founders also
decided not to do anything about the issue of slavery for twenty years.
Someone else would have to deal with it.
As a result of the victory over Mexico, the United States suddenly found itself
with a vast amount of territory. The new territory would eventually need to
be divided into states. The question was, would those states be slave states
or free states.
SO, WHY DO THE STATES CARE SO MUCH ABOUT SLAVERY?
POPULATION: 21.5 MILLION
POPULATION: 9 MILLION
NUMBER OF FACTORIES: 110,100
NUMBER OF FACTORIES: 20,600
MILES OF RAILROAD: 21,700
MILES OF RAILROAD: 9,000
BANK DEPOSITS: 207 MILLION
BANK DEPOSITS: 47 MILLION
COTTON PRODUCTION: 4 THOUSAND BALES COTTON PRODUCTION: 5 MILLION BALES
SLAVE POPULATION: LESS THAN 10% OF POP. SLAVE POPULATION: 10 -50% OF POP.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Where do the Northern states get their power from?
Where do the Southern States get their power from?
Based on the chart, how do the regions match up?
What would each side have to do to increase their power and control?
The Missouri
Compromise of
1820
Read
Going head to head:
Tonight’s Match Up Free States Vs. Slave States
11-0
11-0
As new states are admitted into the Union, the Nation is
changing and the number of Slave States vs. Free
States is equal.
However, new land obtained in the west = new
states... AND popular sovereignty = new states can
decide whether or not they will allow slavery in their
state.
This could upset the balance of power in Congress!!!
In 1817, Missouri applied for statehood. There were
2000 slaves in the state, so it was applying to the union
as a slave state. The North saw this as a problem
because they were upset about the southern control of
the presidency as well as a slave counting as three
fifths of a person. The South was afraid that the North
would get control of the government and a fierce
debate in Congress erupted.
In order to resolve tensions, Henry Clay came up with the
Missouri Compromise of 1820.
Missouri was to be admitted as a slave state at the same time
Maine was to be admitted as a free state. Also, slavery was to be
outlawed in all of the Louisiana Territory north of the Mason Dixon
(36°30' parallel) line and south of Missouri.
The Compromise
of 1850
Read the Next
Match Up
Going head to head Again:
Free States Vs. Slave States
We need a
California
state too!
After the Mexican war, California applied for admission
to the Union as a free state but the state was so BIG
that the 36°30' parallel line from the Missouri
Compromise cut the state in half.
The Southern states did not want California to enter the
Union as a free state without another state entering the
Union as a slave state..
state without another state entering the Union as a slave state.
Once again, the North and South were at it again !!!
The crisis was solved only when Senators Henry Clay, Daniel Webster,
and Stephen Douglas pushed through a compromise package called
the Compromise of 1850.
1. California was entered as a free state.
.
2. New Mexico and Utah were each allowed to use popular sovereignty
to decide the issue of slavery.
3. The Republic of Texas gave up lands that it claimed in present day
New Mexico and received $10 million to pay its debt to Mexico.
4. The slave trade was abolished in the District of Columbia.
5. The Fugitive Slave Act made any federal official who did not arrest a
runaway slave liable to pay a fine. This was the most controversial
part of the Compromise of 1850 and caused many abolitionists to
increase their efforts against slavery.
The class will be divided into two teams
(the North Vs. the South).
The first team to complete the entire
Comparing Compromises worksheet
gets 5 points on their next exam!
RULE: ALL TEAM MEMBERS MUST HAVE
ANSWERS FILLED IN TO WIN!
The United States in 1810
1.) How many states existed in 1810?
2.) How many territories?
3.) Look at what is now Alaska in the bottom left of this map. Why do you think its called
“Russian America?”
The Compromise of 1820
4.) Examine this map closely. What two states were added in the Compromise of 1820?
5.) How many total states are there in 1820?
6.) How many states are slaves states? Free states?
7.) The Compromise of 1820 established the Missouri Compromise Line (southern border of
Missouri). By looking at the Arkansas Territory and the “Unorganized Territory,” make an
assumption about what the purpose of the Missouri Compromise Line was.
The Compromise of 1850
8.) List at least 5 changes that occurred between 1820 and 1850.
9.) How has the number of slave and free states changed from 1820 and 1850?
10.) What two things happened to the Arkansas Territory? (Look closely at the boundary lines)
11.) What new states were added in 1850?
12.) How are the Utah and New Mexico
territories different from the other states and territories?