INDONESIA
By
Enggal Sriwardiningsih Y.
Geography Of Indonesia
• The world’s largest
archipelago, consisting of
13,367 islands ( Of which
about 6060 are inhabited )
• The main islands are Java,
Sumatra, Sulawesi,
Kalimantan and Irian Jaya.
• The Sea is 2.88 M sq.km
and land is 1.92 M sq.km
• Primary mountainous, 400
volcano peaks, 2/3 forest
and jungle.
INDONESIA
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Capital City is Jakarta.
Red & white flag.
Bhinneka Tunggal Ika.
Garuda bird .
Indonesia Raya.
Indonesia Language.
The Rupiah is our
currency.
• Pancasila.
People
• The population of Indonesia is 194.8 M (1995)
making it the third largest population among the
developing countries after China and India.
• 59% of the population lives on Java island, which is
only 7% of the Indonesia land area, (density is 900/km sq)
compared with Irian and Maluku which have 2% of the
population but 26 % of the Indonesia land area.
• The major cities in Indonesia are Jakarta (pop. 8 M),
Surabaya ( pop. 3 M), Medan ( pop. 1.8 M ) and
Bandung (pop.1.6 M)
People
• Among Indonesians individuality is
secondary to community concerns.
- still remains a hierarchical and honor- oriented society.
- recently, they have become materialistic.
• Education is not widespread.
Literacy rate in
Indonesia about 62 % (1995).
• Woman in Indonesia can be professionals in
companies, government, military. They can vote, seek
divorce, inherit or acquire property.
People
• There are 300 ethnic groups through-out
Indonesia, each with different customs, languages
and social structure.
• Religious freedom is quarantined 7 tolerance is
highly valued by Indonesians. 90 % of Indonesians
are Sunni Muslims, 6 % of Indonesians are Christianity, 2
% of Indonesians are Buddhism, 1 % of Indonesians are
Hinduism (Balinese), and 1 % of Indonesians are
Confucianism.
History
• Buddhism was brought by
Indian Buddhists in the 1 2c.
– The Sumatra-based Sriwijaya
kingdom 7-13c.
– Java based kingdom of
Majapahit kingdom in 13-15c.
• Islam appeared from Persia
in the 7c.
• Hinduism appeared in the
7c, brought by Indian
traders from the west coast
of India.
• Christianity introduced by
Dutch in 17c.
History
• Portuguese arrived in the 15c in search of spices.
• Dutch rule from 1602-1942 (VOC = Dutch East India
Company was established to manage the area’s spice trade).
• Japan rule 1942 - 1945.
• Indonesia declared freedom on August, 17 1945
- Sukarno Engr ( 1945 - 1966)
- Suharto General (1967 - 1998)
- Prof. Ing BJ Habibie Ph.d (1998- ? )
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Economy
• The major industries are petroleum, textiles,
and mining.
• Indonesia’s main exports are timber,
petroleum (40 % of foreign revenue),
textiles and rubber.
• Indonesia’s major trading partners are Japan
Japan imports almost 60 % of Indonesia’s oil exports.
Japan has also been a major foreign aid lender and direct
investor in the country.
Organizations
• Indonesia rejoined the United Nations in
1967.
• Indonesia is a cofounder with Thailand,
Singapore, Malaysia, Philippine of the
ASEAN in 1967.
• Indonesia joined the OPEC.
Political Structure
• Three branches of government:
- The legislate : MPR (People’s Consultative
Assembly) & DPR (The House of People’s
Representatives)
- The Executive : President
- The Judicial : DPA
• The Repelita, the country’s five-year business plan, is
drafted by Bappenas (The national development
planning Council), which is charged with economic
planning, coordination, & implementation and it is
accountable to the president.