Introduction to Psychology: Test 4 (11:00)
Fall Semester 2010
Chapter 10: Personality
1. When social-cognitive personality theorists talk about reciprocal determinism, they are
discussing the interaction of _____________________.
A. the environment B. behavior C. cognitive processes D. all of these
2. Self-efficacy is:
A. the belief that you can succeed in a given situation.
B. the belief that your thoughts and actions influence the environment.
C. made stronger by failure experiences.
D. an objective, unbiased measure of your ability.
3. People with an internal locus of control:
No correct answer.
A. are likely to have low self-efficacy.
B. are often less successful than those with an external locus.
C. are more likely to be depressed than those with an external locus.
D. are more dependent than externals.
4. According to Julian Rotter, beliefs about locus of control are developed:
A. from comparisons with other people
B. in childhood
C. from our surroundings
D. from success experiences
5. What is the basic principle of the social-cognitive personality perspective?
A. self-efficacy
B. locus of control
C. learned helplessness
D. reciprocal determinism
Chapter 11: Psychological Disorders
6. A person who has Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is most likely to be bothered by:
A. panic attacks
B. hearing voices
C. disturbing, intrusive memories
D. the need for “checking”
7. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, (DSM-V) contains
information about _________________ of mental disorders for use in diagnosing.
A. symptoms
B. treatment
C. causes
D. prognosis
8. There are some objections to labeling a person with a psychiatric diagnosis because it has the
disadvantage of:
A. conveying possible information about the possible causes of the disorder.
B. conveying information about the prognosis.
C. creating sympathy for the patient.
D. biasing others toward perceiving their behavior as disordered.
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9. A repetitive behavior (such as hand washing) that is often used to reduce the anxiety coming
from a negative, repetitive thought is a/an:
A. compulsion
B. obsession
C. delusion
D. hallucination
Match the model of mental illness with its description.
A. medical
B. diasthesis-stress
C. bio-psycho-social
10. Psychological disorder is the result of a predisposition for it that is triggered by
environmental stresses.
B
11. Psychological disorders have a biological basis like physical diseases and can be classified
into discrete categories.
A
12. In order to understand psychological disorders, one must consider genetics and brain
chemistry and structures along with personal experiences and cultural factors defining normality
and disorder. C
13. Symptoms of major depression include:
A. hopelessness
C. disturbed sleep patterns
B. difficulty concentrating
D. all of these
14. One characteristic common to people with antisocial personality disorder is that:
A. they have low arousal levels
B. they have small hippocampuses
C. they were anxious as children
D. their thinking is disorganized
15. Which of the following is not true of major depression? The sufferer _____________.
A. probably feels worthless, helpless, and hopeless.
B. probably has difficulty concentrating and disturbed sleep patterns.
C. is in danger of attempting suicide.
D. is more likely to live in the U.S. than in Paris.
16. Wilma is extremely agitated because she hears voices that tell her to sexually seduce the
male nurses in her hospital ward. Wilma is most clearly suffering from what symptom?
A. delusions
B. hallucinations
C. obsessions
D. compulsions
17. Obsessive-compulsive disorders are characterized by obsessions which are uncontrollable:
A. thoughts
B. behaviors
C. emotions
D. fears
18. In which category of mental disorders do “con” men and serial killers usually fall?
A. multiple personality
B. schizophrenia
C. antisocial personality
D. bipolar
19. The disorder that many psychologists and psychiatrists question as being a genuine disorder
as opposed to a possible therapist-induced symptom pattern is ___________________.
A. Paranoid Schizophrenia
B. Dissociative Identity Disorder
C. Manic-depression
D. Obsessive-compulsive
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20. Mood disorders involving extreme mood swings toward both high and low levels of
expression and energy are known as ______________ disorders.
A. manic
B. dysthymic
C. bipolar
D. seasonal affective
Chapter 11: Treatment
21. What happened to mental hospitals when antipsychotic drugs were introduced?
A. They became more pleasant places to be.
B. Very little change occurred.
C. They were emptied and patients sent home.
D. This opened the door to attempting new therapy techniques.
2 2. What type of professional do most people seek when they have a problem?
A. the pastor or religious leader
B. the family doctor
C. a licensed counselor
D. a psychiatrist
23. Which type of psychotherapy is currently the most popular?
A. cognitive
B. behavioral
C. humanistic
D. none
24. Where do the assumptions and techniques of behavior therapy come from?
A. medicine & psychiatry
B Freudian personality theory
C. classical & operant conditioning
D. Bandura’s social-cognitive theory
25. What is the difference between group therapy and a self-help group?
A. Group therapy analyzes communications among the members.
B. Whether the group is led by a professional therapist or recovering sufferer.
C. The types of issues that are discussed and techniques that are used.
D. None of the above.
26. Why is therapy difficult to evaluate?
A. Therapists are too secretive about what they do.
B. Clients are not interested in answering questions about their progress.
C. People get too “brainwashed” in therapy to really evaluate anything.
D. Criteria for how much better patients must be and for how long are hard to establish.
27. Which of the following is not an important elements common to all types of psychotherapy?
A. a trusting-caring relationship
B. a fresh perspective
C. choice of the best techniques
D. therapist-client match
28. What are the results of a pre-frontal lobotomy for the patient’s behavior?
A. loss of ability to think
B. loss of motivation
C. more focused, energized behavior
D. stopping of hallucinations
29. Carolyn’s therapist told her to relax and spontaneously say whatever thoughts or images
came to her mind. Her therapist was using the psychoanalytic technique known as:
A. transference.
B. free association.
C. dream interpretation.
D. conditional positive regard.
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30. A drug in the category SSRI is an _______________ and it targets the neurotransmitter
_________________.
A. antipsychotic; dopamine
B. antidepressant; serotonin
C. antianxiety; GABA
D. tranquilizer; endorphins
31. What is the focus or goal of cognitive therapy?
A. gaining conscious insight
B. changing behavior
C. correcting irrational thoughts
D. creating an accepting atmosphere
32. What is the idea behind systematic desensitization, which is based on classical conditioning?
A. That negative, unwanted behaviors can be eliminated through punishment.
B. That rewarding positive behaviors can relieve problems.
C. That people can get over underlying fears once they understand them.
D. That fears gained through association with traumatic experiences can be
“unlearned” through association with relaxed situations.
33. What is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or “shock treatment”, supposed to be used for?
A. severe schizophrenic hallucinations
B. panic attacks
C. catatonic movement disorders
D. severe depression
Chapter 12: Stress, Health & Coping
34. An event becomes a stressor when:
A. it is external rather than internal
C. it is important to us
B. it is repeated, like a hassle
D. we perceive it as a threat
35. According to Dr. Candace Pert, the brain and mind function as a single psychosomatic
network for which the crucial link is:
A. the amygdala
B. the hypothalamus
C. the emotions
D. the will
Match the following with their definitions or descriptions.
A. stress-reducing
B. optimistic explanatory style
C. type A personality
D. fear-based
E. cognitive appraisal
36. Believing that many or most things that happen to you are a function of the situation and not
the result of an internal flaw or problem that will cause trouble in many areas of your life. B
37. Initially assessing a situation to determine whether it might be threatening and you must
respond, coupled with a later evaluation of what resources you have to cope with it.
E
38. Being ambitious, hard-driving, hostile, and compared to many others, heart-attack prone. C
39. A thought life associated only or primarily with negative emotions.
D
40. This list would include social support, aerobic exercise, perceived control, predictability, and
optimism. A
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41. Which of the following is true of the physiological effects of stress?
A. They are very temporary, just until the body exhausts the initial hormones.
B. Stress is good for your heart. It exercises it by making it beat faster.
C. Stress suppresses the immune system, making you vulnerable to diseases.
D. The primary effects of stress are on the digestive system.
Chapter 13: Social Behavior
42. How does behaving in a way contrary to your own attitudes cause you to change them?
A. It causes you to seriously think about your attitudes.
B. It gives you new experience and information.
C. It creates cognitive dissonance you may change your attitude to resolve.
D. It doesn’t cause attitude change.
43. What was Stanley Milgram’s true research question?
A. What were the effects of punishment on learning?
B. How prestigious was Yale University?
C. How many people would be willing to hurt someone just to be obedient?
D. How well could people learn a paired word list under stress?
44. What seems to be the best explanation for the finding that so many people were willing to go
all the way to 450 volts in the Milgram experiments?
A. They disliked the learner.
B. They just did not care.
C. It was a challenge
D. They absolved themselves of responsibility.
45. The mere exposure effect describes what happens with repeated exposure to a person or
object, which is that:
A. we get bored with them after repeated exposures.
B. if we initially disliked them, dislike increases with repeated exposure.
C. whether initially positive or negative, we become more neutral with more exposure.
D. regardless of initial opinion, we become more positive with greater exposure.
46. What is the difference between obedience and conformity?
A. Obedience is in response to authority; conformity it to peers.
B. Obedience is not commonly practiced; conformity is.
C. Conformity involves the desire to be liked; obedience does not.
D. None of the above.
47. What is authority?
A. Being in possession of information.
B. being attractive and having people want to imitate you.
C. Having a legitimate right to tell someone else what to do.
D. None of the above.
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48. In the 1950s, Solomon Asch asked people to identify which of three comparison lines was
identical to a standard line. What is significant about the fact that he got people to conform even
though participants were not peers and the task was simple and straightforward.
A. He showed that conformity can overcome cognitive dissonance.
B. He showed that conformity is as strong as obedience.
C. He showed the power of the tendency to conform.
D. None of the above.
49. When we use words such as like, dislike, love, hate or good and bad, we are expressing our:
A. prejudices
B. discrimination
C. impressions
D. attitudes
Match the following terms with their descriptions or definitions.
A. high elaboration
B. obedience
C. fundamental attribution error
D. conformity
E. social influence
50. A yielding to group pressure to avoid the discomfort of being different.
D
51. The tendency to attribute the motives for an action to the personality of the actor rather than
to factors of the situation.
C
52. The exercise of social power by an individual or group to change the attitudes or behaviors
of another.
E
53. Thinking carefully about the content of a persuasive message and being influenced by the
strength and quality of the arguments.
A
54. The performance of an action in response to a direct order, usually from a higher status
person.
B
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