Title : Business Driven Enterprise Architecture Speaker : Ken Orr, Senior Consultant and Cutter Trends Fellow Chief Scientist, The Ken Orr Institute © Cutter Consortium ACCESS TO THE EXPERTS Business Driven Enterprise Architecture … 1. Background 2. Goals 3. Enterprise Architecture Goals 4. The Enterprise Architecture Project 5. Conclusion © Cutter Consortium page 2 1. Background Customer Environment Current IT Environment Strategy for dealing with Current IT Environment Major Enterprise-level Activities © Cutter Consortium page 3 Customer Environment Long Term Client Experienced Chief Architect Strong Support from CIO Deep Application Background © Cutter Consortium page 4 Current IT Environment More complex systems (application) environment More complex technology More demands for information less funding for the short term © Cutter Consortium page 5 Strategy for dealing with Current IT Environment Stretch resources Smaller projects Longer planning horizon Better understanding of the current environment © Cutter Consortium page 6 Major Enterprise-level Activities Understanding what we need Understanding how to deliver Strategic IT Planning Enterprise Information Management © Cutter Consortium Understanding what we have Enterprise Architecture page 7 Systems Strategy Roadmap (to be) Project Recommendations Enterprise Architecture Portfolio Management Roadmap (as is) Incremental Projects Working Systems © Cutter Consortium Strategic IT Plan Project Management Real-time Support page 8 2. Enterprise Architecture Goals IT Asset Management • The IT Network as an asset • Priority Formula Enterprise Architecture • Data, Applications, Processes, Technology Portfolio Management • Manage Everything • Manage Asset Base • Help Make things go away © Cutter Consortium page 9 Zachman’s Framework DATA When MOTIVATION Why List of Business Goals/Strat Goal, Problem & Opportunity Modeler Event Modeler List of Events Significant to the Business e.g. Business Plan People = Organization Unit Work = Work Product e.g. Human Interface Architecture Time = Business Event Cycle = Business Cycle SYSTEM MODEL (LOGICAL) End = Business Objective Means = Business Strategy e.g., Business Rule Model e.g. Processing Structure Statechart & Operation Modeler End = Structural Assertion Means =Action Assertion e.g. Presentation Architecture e.g. Rule Design e.g. Security Architecture e.g. Data Definition e.g. Program e.g. Network Architecture Ent = Field Reln = Address Proc.= Language Stmt I/O = Control Block Node = Addresses Link = Protocols People = Identity Work = Job e.g. DATA e.g. FUNCTION e.g. NETWORK e.g. ORGANIZATION Time = Execute Cycle = Component Cycle e.g. Timing Definition Time = Interrupt Cycle = Machine Cycle e.g. SCHEDULE Business Rule Modeler Time = System Event Cycle = Processing Cycle e.g. Control Structure Operation Modeler People = Role Work = Deliverable People = User Work = Screen Format End = Condition Means = Action e.g. Rule Specification End = Sub-condition Means = Step e.g. STRATEGY Planner ENTERPRISE MODEL (CONCEPTUAL) Business Rule Modeler Ends/Means=Major Bus. Goal/ Critical Success Factor e.g. Master Schedule SCOPE (CONTEXTUAL) Strategy Modeler Time = Major Business Event Workflow Modeler People = Major Organizations e.g. Work Flow Model Storyboard Modeler Node = Hardware/System Software Link = Line Specifications List of Organizations Important to the Business TIME Storyboard Modeler e.g. Technology Architecture Communication Modeler Proc.= Computer Function I/O = Data Elements/Sets Node = I/S Function (Processor, Storage, etc) Link = Line Characteristics Who Communication Modeler e.g. System Design System & Sequence Modelers Class Modeler Ent = Segment/Table/etc. Reln = Pointer/Key/etc. Proc .= Application Function I/O = User Views Communication Modeler Ent = Data Entity Reln = Data Relationship PEOPLE Organization Modeler Communication Modeler e.g. Distributed System Architecture Activity Use Case Modeler e.g. Application Architecture Class Modeler © Cutter Consortium Node = Major Business Location e.g. Business Logistics System e.g. Logical Data Model Builder FUNCTIONING ENTERPRISE List of Locations in which the Business Operates Node = Business Location Link = Business Linkage TECHNOLOGY MODEL (PHYSICAL) SubContractor Where Proc. = Business Process I/O = Business Resources e.g. Physical Data Model DETAILED REPRESENTATIONS (OUT-OFCONTEXT) Process NETWORK Ent = Business Entity Reln = Business Relationship SYSTEM MODEL (LOGICAL) Designer Function = Class of Business Process e.g. Business Process Model Workflow & Use Case Modeler Owner Business Class Modeler ENTERPRISE MODEL (CONCEPTUAL) e.g. Semantic Model How List of Processes the Business Performs Location Modeler ENTITY = Class of Business Thing FUNCTION Process Modeler Planner What Deliverable & SubType Modeler SCOPE (CONTEXTUAL) List of Things Important to the Business Owner Designer TECHNOLOGY MODEL (PHYSICAL) Builder DETAILED REPRESENTATIONS (OUT-OF CONTEXT) SubContractor FUNCTIONING ENTERPRISE page 11 Benson and Parker’s Square Wheel © Cutter Consortium page 12 Benson and Parker’s Square Wheel © Cutter Consortium page 13 Benson and Parker’s Square Wheel © Cutter Consortium page 14 Porter’s Value Chain Firm infrastructure HR Management Supporting Activities R&D Service Marketing and Sales Outbound Logistics Operations Inbound Logistics Procurement Primary Activities © Cutter Consortium page 15 Firm infrastructure Firm infrastructure HR Management HR Management HR Management © Cutter Consortium Enterprise Value Chain Marketing and Sales Outbound Logistics Operations Inbound Logistics Service Outbound Logistics Supplier Value Chain Marketing and Sales Procurement Outbound Logistics Procurement Operations Procurement Inbound Logistics R&D Service R&D Marketing and Sales R&D Customer Value Chain page 16 Service Firm infrastructure Operations Inbound Logistics Porter’s Supply Chain Information Technology Architecture Database Infrastructure Server Infrastructure Infrastructure Technology Telecommunications Telecommunications Infrastructure Infrastructure Finance Management HR Management IT Systems Management Business Support Application Areas Program/Project Management KDOT Users Core Business Application Areas Transportation Assets Internet/eGov email/Messaging/wireless IDE (CAD/CAE) GIS/GPS Document /Workflow Management Data Warehousing/Knowledge Management Telematics/ ITS Support eLearning/eMeeting Infrastructure Solutions (Building Blocks) Core (Commodity) Technology Core Business Processes (a la Porter) Emerging Technologies DOT Value Chain Fiscal Management HR Management IT and Support Service Management Program / Project Management Planning PreReal-time Construction Maintenance Construction Operations Aviation, Rail, Public Transit (Local Support) Transportation Assets Materials Research and Laboratory 4. The Enterprise Architecture Project Enterprise Architecture Goals Basic Methodology Build a composite map Identify problems areas Identify key initiatives / projects Build a logical plan for the future © Cutter Consortium page 20 Enterprise Architecture Goals Get a view of the entire enterprise Build a "current map" Better communicate with users / management © Cutter Consortium page 21 Imagine, if all you had to do highway network planning was a map of just the cities! First, we had to find the main arteries Now, we have to task of filling the whole map Approach: create a composite map of the IT environment Employee Systems Long Range Planning Construction Enterprise Architecture Framework Business Area Architecture Sessions ... KDOT 3yr IT Plan 1yr IT Budget BCS Management Sessions EA Bus Area Session Diagrams Enterprise Architecture Meta-data Repository KDOT 5-10 yr Tech Init Radar Charts KDOT 5-10 yr Bus Area Radar Charts BCS Systems Management Sessions BCS Technology Management Sessions Business Area Architecture Sessions (14 Session, 200+ Users) © Cutter Consortium page 27 Architecture vs. Requirements (Some observations) Architecture ≠ Requirements We’re not doing detail requirements Requirements Architecture Specific enough to build system Specific enough to make major decisions Specific enough to identify major players, major interfaces Broad to include context of entire environment Technology Specific Technology Neutral Limited Technology Options Broadest Technology Options © Cutter Consortium page 28 Basic Methodology Business Area Context Model Business Area Process Model Business Area Data Model Business Area Radar Charts (Wish lists) © Cutter Consortium page 29 Define Context Model © Cutter Consortium page 30 Define Business Process Model © Cutter Consortium page 31 Define Data Model © Cutter Consortium page 32 Build Radar Chart Models incoming issues 5-10 3-5 outgoing issues 0-3 0-3 3-5 5-10 BI/DW GIS/GPS Wireless x Server Workflow Mainframe Doc Mgmt Telematics Technology Radar Charts incoming issues 5-10 3-5 Early Majority Early Adopters Innovators outgoing issues 0-3 0-3 3-5 5-10 Late Majority Laggards Technology Introduction Strategy incoming issues 5-10 3-5 outgoing issues 0-3 0-3 3-5 5-10 Deploy Restrict Pilot Sunset Track Nolan’s Technology S-curves Internet PCs Minis Mainframes 50s © Cutter Consortium 60s 70s 80s 90s 00s page 36 Maintenance reality Internet PCs Minis Old Technologies never seem to go away Mainframes 50s © Cutter Consortium 60s 70s 80s 90s 00s page 37 5. Conclusion Where are we now? Where are we going? © Cutter Consortium page 38 Where are we now? End of Phase 2 Using the Enterprise Architecture for Strategic IT Planning Using the Enterprise Architecture for Technology Planning © Cutter Consortium page 39 Administrative Management Business Management Systems IT Management HR Management Financial Management Financial Assets Real-time Operations Maintenance Construction Pre-Construction Planning Program/Project Management Local Support Research and Laboratory Transportation Network Assets Transportation Management Systems Adminstrative Management Public Information CRM Legislative Bill Tracking B1 Policy Manual Strategic Management IT Management Application Monitoring Balanced Scorecard CoBIT Enterprise Architecture Management Library/Code Management Network Monitoriing Database Management IT Asset Financial Management License Management Portfolio Management S5 Backup/Recovery Management Client Management Project Management Methodology Storage Management Security Management System Monitoring B2 Administrative Management S2 Employee Time S4 KDOT Employee/ Position District Employee System Human Resources Management Skills Management System Learning Management System SHARP B3 Business Management Systems IT Management Finance Management Purchase Order/Payable Purchase Requisition Cash Receipts Capital Inventory General Ledger IFIS Program Planning Cash Flow forecast Buildings CCFB Equipment Management Radio Financial Planning Treasury Management Budget System Federal Aid Billing CPMS Fund Management HR Management Asset Management Office Equip Financial Assets Shop Equipment STARS B4 Operations Automated Budget Grant Management Financial Management Storage Areas Materials IT Assets Consumable Inventory Business Management Systems M7 Fuel Trac System B5 S2 Construction Management Sign Truss Design Shaft Long-range Transportation Policy LPILE Priority Formula VIRTIS OPIS Surveying Photogrammetry Microstation BRASS CAD GEOPAK MPO TIPS BROMS Safety KANROAD BAMS ROW Relocation CMS Materials Inspection ProjectWise M3 T2 CMS T3 M4 T4 Real-time Operations RCB T1 Real-time Operations Maintenance Management ITS Construction LEAP Planning Program Development Model M2 Program/Project Management IDE Integrated Design Environment Maintenance Pre-Construction Management Planning Financial Model SHARP* CPMS-Project Mgmt Pre-Construction S1 Program/Project Management CPMS-Program Mgmt Public Involvement Data RWIS CPMS Maintenance Activity management' Equipment Management System Shop Management System* HMMS KARS Transportation Management Transportation Management Systems Systems 511 ATIS Advanced Traveler Info System SNICE M5 EADCR ITS T5 T6 Local Support Local Support Public Transit Agreement Management Non-System Roadway M6 Research and Laboratory Aviation NBIP Inspections S6 Transportation Network Assets Rail assistance T7 Research/Laboratory systems HPMS Long Term Pavement Perf LIMS CMS Materials Inspection* M5 T8 Highway Infrastructure Assets CANSYS2 Highway Features PONTIS- Structures ROW Tract Tracking Mapping /Cartography systems NBIP ROW Beautification Sign Inventory Crossing Inventory TRADAS Traffic Counts/ VCLS Features Inventory T9 SHaRP Employee Paycheck SHaRP Posit ion EEO Cat egor y Adver t isement Applicat ions Benef it s O ver t im e KDO T Employee Hist or y Special Leave and Tim e Det ails Business Funct ions Act ual Medical Act ual Dr iver s License Skils I nvent or y KDO T Employee Business Role Secur it y Media Land O wner s/ Tenant s Pur chase Agr eement Structure O r ganizat ion Secur it y KDO T Posit ion Hist or y KDO T Posit ion Right of Way Tr act s Ut ilt y Companies Posit ion Requir ement s Skils Requir ement s Right of Way Clear ance Pr oposal Railr oad Agr eement Cer t if icat ions Act ual Tr aining Tr aining Classes Tr aining Pr ovider Non- KDO T Employee Business Par t ner Request f or Wor k Pr oject Specif icat ions Plans and Pr oposal Package Tr aining Requir ement s License Requir ement s Sur vey Dat a Railr oad Companies A List Medical Requir ement s Employee Tim e Char ges Per mit ( s) St r uct ur e I nspect ions User I D Mechanic Pre-Construction Ut ilt y Agr eement St r uct ur e Maint enance Recommendat ions Per f or mance I nf or mat ion Payr oll Summar y KDO T Posit ion Classes Not ices Ut ilt y Adjust ment Plans B List St andar ds Specif icat ions Plan Sheet s KDO T Tr anspor t at ion Jur isdict ions C List Br idge Needs Plan I ndex Kansas G over nment al Jur isdict ions Plan Set s Kansas G over nment al Jur - Ar ea G eo Ar eas KDO T O r ganizat ion St r uct ur e D List Funding Revenue For ecast Design St andar ds Bid( s) AS Built Plans Employee/ Organization E List - 307 Bid I t ems NBI P St r uct ur e Ext r act Br ass St r uct ur e NBI P Local I nspect ion TRI S Per mit s Q uant it ies St r uct ur e Roadway det ail Aler t Bullet in Sur f ace Readings Est im at e Real-Time Events Const r uct ion Wor k Ef f or t PO NTI S NBI P Local St r uct ur es St r uct ur e Ext er nal User s of I nf or mat ion Tr af f ic For ecast Cr ossing Det ails PSE - Plans, Specif icat ions and Est im at es Funding Changes Def icient St r uct ur es Applicat ion f or G r ant Br idge Pr oject Candidat e List Br idge O f f Syst em KDO T TI P O pen Recor ds Request CI I MS Cr ossing I nvent or y Weat her St at ions Sub- Cont r act or Cont r act ( s) Cont r act Bids Saf et y Pr ogr am Sur f ace For ecast Sur f ace Hist or ical Readings Sur f ace Sensor s I TS Readings Cont r act Funding CCTV - I mages Proje ct(s ) At mospher ic Hist or ical Readings At mospher ic Readings Cont r act Sect ion( s) * I TS Sensor Device Feat ur e Changes Feat ur es Tr af f ic Speed Change O r der Roadway Condit ion Changes 2- 4 yr Pavement Candidat es Cont r act Sect ion( s) Let t ing Pr oject List I nvent or y Used Financial Asset Tot al Change O r der Det ail Year 2 List wit h Alt er nat ives Accident Document Pay Est im at e Pay Est im at e Det ails Cont r act Line I t ems Tr af f ic Cont r ol Act ions Maintenance Roadway Condit ions Accident s Recor ded DBE Pr oject G oal Pr equalif ied Cont r act or s Cont r act Mat er ials 883 Document Accident s Recor ded Summar y Accident Dat a f or DBE Policy AADT Tr af f ic Project(s) Per f or mance Measur ement Readings G PS Reading Tr af f ic Cont r ol Assist ance Request I TS Message Devices Available Employees Tr af f ic I ncident Emer gency Management Pr ovider s Maint enance Wor k Ef f or t Pr oject Act ivit y Pr oject Wor k Phase Pr oject Wor k Phase Funding Tr af f ic Volume I TS Messages I T Wor k Ef f or t s Pr oject Changes Pavement Sect ion Pr oject Fund Pr oject Agr eement ( PA) St at e Highway Segment s Cont r act or ( s) Q ualit y/ Q uant it y St andar ds Cit y/ St at e Agr eement Request f or Cont r act or Q ualif icat ion Paper Mat er ial Cer t if icat ion Accomplishment s Maint enance Task St andar ds Available Equipment Cr ew Year 2 List wit h Scope Pavement Evaluat ion Schedule Changes Test Result s St at e Pr oject Candidat e List For ecast ed Tr af f ic Task I D I TS Pr oject Applicat ions Locat ion ( G eospat ial) Cr ew O bser vat ions Pr oject Est im at e Roadway Non- Road Feat ur es St at e Sect ion Pr oject Candidat e List Cor r idor Maint enance Sect ion Maint Cost Act ivit y Number Est im at e Changes Roadway I nf or mat ion Request f or I nspect ion Test Repor t Pr oducer Pr oduct Job I D Pr oducer Maint enance Sect ion Wor k Schedule Planned Resour ce Usage KDO T O r ganizat ion Locat ion Planned Wor k Vehicle Class Tr af f ic Dat a Per mit Type Q A Repor t Video Log I TS Tr af f ic Flow Dat a Video Log I mages Consult ant ( s) I TS I ncident s Per mit ( s) * Job Pr ior it y 402 Request s Mat er ials Weat her I ndex 402 Pr oject Candidat e List Non- St at e Syst em Roadway Shop I nspect or Mat er ial Requisit ion Radar Sat ellit e I mages Tr af f ic Flow Summar ies Replacement Cr it er ia Spec Sheet Pavement Sect ion Evaluat ions Non- St at e Syst em Roadway G r oup Regional I TS Model Raw Tr af f ic Count s Contract(s) Const r uct ion Engineer Base Map Mat er ial Tr ansf er Equipment Cat egor y Equipment Tim e Ut ilt y Cust omer Equipment Rat e Equipment I D License Tag Saf et y St udies Tit le Weat her For ecast s Tr af f ic Count er Tr af f ic Count er Type Tr af f ic Count s Encumbr ance Signs Vehicle Classif icat ion Cat egor ies Vehicle Classif icat ion Count s Ret ir ement Request Location (geospacial) Segment Seasonal and Axle Fact or s Equipment Tim e Char ges War r ant y Equipment Fuel Key O t her Dir ect Expenses St r at egies Pr ogr am G oals Depr eciat ion Schedule Highway Asset Equipment Model Equipment I nspect ion Equipment Par t Xr ef Equipment Dat a Sheet O bject ives Equipment Evaluat ion Capit al Asset I t em Financial Tr ansact ions Repair Request St at e Agency Equipment Fuel Usage Char ges Equipment Budget Plan O EM - O r iginal Equipment Manuf act ur er Pr ior Appr oval Equipment Budget Request O ut put Measur es Equipment Par t s Request f or Pr oject Pur chase O r der Count y Maint enance Agr eement s KDO T Fund Locat ion f or Wor k Count y Land Use Dat a DA Account DA Pr ogr am DA Subpr ogr am O ut come Measur es Check Count ies Equipment Management Fiscal Year Cash Agency Fund Tr ansf er s Financial O bject Codes Deposit Repair Wor k O r der Receipt Document Agency Appr opr iat ion I t em Count y Maps Appr opr iat ion Count y 5 Year Pr oject Plan MPO Funding Lim it s 5 Year Plan Request MPO TI P Kansas Employment Dat a Appr opr iat ion Adjust ment s MPO O r ganizat ions Demogr aphic Dat a FHWA Highway Funct ional Classif icat ion Pr oject Char ges Design Plans Daily Cash For ecast Agency Budget I t em 5 Year Plan Appr oved O pinion Sur veys Budget ( s) Voucher Det ail War r ant s Met r o Ar eas St at e Rout e Classif icat ion Payr oll O DS - O r igin Dest inat ion St udies Voucher Appr oved Cit y/ Count y Pr oject List MPO Tr af f ic Demand Model Account s Payable Cit y 5 Year Pr oject Plan Cash Flow For ecast Payout Cash Flow For ecast Agency Submit t ed Budget I t em VES Mast er Budget Adjust ment s VES Det ail Tr ansact ion Code MPO Plan G r ant s Met r o Ar ea Maps Request f or Cit y/ Count y Pr oject s I nvoice Tr ansit Aut hor it ies Small Ur ban G r ant ees Cit y Land Use Dat a Account s Receivable Agency Submit t ed Appr opr iat ion I t em Cit y/ Count y Funding Lim it s I ssue Paper s I nvest ment s Access Per mit s I nvest ment Request Cit ies Revenue I t em Revenue Sour ce I T Budget I ssues Sell Request Loans KLI NK Payment s Payment Schedule Bond Holder s Fund Sour ce Pr oject O bligat ion KLI NK Agr eement s Cit y/ Ur ban Classif icat ion Revenue Type Bond I ssue Bonds G r ant s G iven Ut ilt y Clear ance Cer t if icat ion G r ant s Applied f or Financial Audit Debt Ser vice Schedule KDO T Budget Right of Way Clear ance Cer t if icat ion Consult ant Audit or Sign O r der Par amet er s I nvent or y Tr ansf er Annex Changes Cit y Maps Local Support St ock Mast er Hist or y St ock I t em Rest Ar eas St or age Ar eas I T Budget Land St ock Tr ansact ions St ock Hist or y Event s Available Funding Local Par t ner Pr oject Applicat ions TE Pr oject Applicat ions Local Par t ner s Select ed A B List Pr oject s Rail I mpr ovement Pr oject List Air por t Pr oject Candidat e List Buildings St at e Pur chase Cont r act Rail Cr ossing Candidat e List Feder al O bligat ions Rail Cr ossing I nf or mat ion - Dat a on Ever y Rail Cr ossing f or t he Ent ir e St at e. Feder al Sour ce Feder al Fund Cat egor y O f f ice Equipment Rail I nf or mat ion Feder al Reim bur sement TE Pr oject List Feder al Claim s Air por t Aut hor it ies Agr eement s Sour ce Builder O bligat ion Aut hor it y Balances Pr ogr am Air por t s Tower s St ock I t em/ Locat ion Pr ogr am Financial Repor t Railr oad Lines Feder al Appr opr iat ion Planning/Program LRTP Recommendat ions Vendor Shop Equipment KHP O f f icer Vendor s Radio Subpr ogr am At t achment s Lab Equipment Capital/ Consumable KDO T Account s Administrative Management IT Management Organization Structure Employees Human Resource Management Financial Trans Vendors Equipment Financial Management Capital/ Consumables Financial Assets Program/Project/Contract Management Projects Programs Transportation Planning Locations Contracts PreConstruction Design, RoW, Survey Construction Material Test Maintenance Real-time Operations Real-time Events, Maintenance Road Conditions, Weather Cities Local Support Grants, etc. Counties Local Support Tests Accidents Research and Laboratories Structures Segments Maps Safety Transportation Infrastructure Assets Material incoming issues 6-10 outgoing issues 3-6 0-3 05-06 4 02 Work Fl ow - Do c M gmt l i nks 0-3 883 Form Workflow (all projects) 883 Form Workfl ow (al l projects) 883 Form Workfl ow (ini ti al) 04-10 Au tom ate process o f updating dates for PIP from CM S i nto CPMS PIP Data Wareho use 04-14 PIP KGAT E enabl ed CPM S/CM S data exchange with desktop 12-12 FMIS CPM S Automati c Li nk 13-03 L ocal Uni ts Appl ica ti on Agreeme nt Publ ic Informa ti on Database CPM S automa te accompl i shm ent Repl ace AS schedul er with M S Project 13-10 L ocal Uni ts of Govt access CPM S worki ng data Public Information Database CPM S Data warehouse 1 i mpl em ent purchaseable com ponents Com preh ensi ve Pro gram M anagem ent System (CPMS) CPMS 14-12 CPM S KGAT E enabl ed 13-15 Co mm on front en d to CPM S/CM S Web en able CPM S proj m gmt com ponents Web en able CPM S m aintenance com ponents Rebui ld CPMS Fund M anagem ent today stop wri ti ng AS program s 3-6 6-10 Long-term Application Plan What have we Learned? We have more of everything than we thought More players than we thought People are doing things we don’t know much about People want better access to data we already have Nothing ever goes away by itself © Cutter Consortium page 46 Where are we going? Connecting the Enterprise Architecture to the Operational Documentation and Meta-data Portfolio management IT Asset Management © Cutter Consortium page 47 Using the Enterprise Architecture Business Process Models Systems Architecture Business Reengineering Data Models Business Intelligence Radar Chart Models Portfolio Management Implementation Enterprise Architecture Context Models Acknowledgements Bill Roth, KDOT Ben Nelson, KDOT Kelly Badenoch, KDOT Randy Hester, KOI all the people from KDOT who participated in the Business Area Architecture sessions Doug Couto,MDIT, formerly MDOT © Cutter Consortium page 49