Bell Work: Please pick up your notebook and the
Document Analysis worksheet on the back table. Take a minute to ANSWER today’s EQ in your notebook. If you need to look over your notes to do this, feel free. Then, complete the document analysis worksheet for document #2.
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Bell Work: Document
Analysis
WOD Review
Review Unit 2 Test
Islam Anticipation Guide
Review: Islamic
Vocabulary
Notes: The Rise and
Spread of Islam
Review Quiz #6
Essential Question: How did Islam rise from a small sect to the 2 nd largest religion in the world?
Homework: Complete Map
Labeling worksheet AND
Read Bentley and Ziegler, pgs. 281-294.

RHETORIC -
THE ART OF EFFECTIVE OR PERSUASIVE SPEAKING
OR WRITING, ESPECIALLY THE USE OF FIGURES OF SPEECH
AND OTHER COMPOSITIONAL TECHNIQUES.
Give and example of television commercial that demonstrates each of the tools of Rhetoric.
Ethos:
Pathos:
Logos:
Give and Example Friday, February 13, 2015 – Block 1

RHETORIC -
THE ART OF EFFECTIVE OR PERSUASIVE SPEAKING
OR WRITING, ESPECIALLY THE USE OF FIGURES OF
SPEECH AND OTHER COMPOSITIONAL TECHNIQUES.
• Possible Answers
Give and example of television commercial that demonstrates each of the tools of Rhetoric.
Ethos: Michael Jordan advertising for Nike or
Hanes Underwear
Pathos: Lost Puppy Budweiser Ad or
Every Kiss Begins at Kay (Jewelry)
Logos: Brawny Paper Towels = The Quicker Picker
Upper; Burger King = Have It Your Way
Give Examples Friday, February 13, 2015 – Block 1

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Speaker: Who’s words? (Muhammad was illiterate; are they Muhammad’s, Gabriel’s, or Allah’s?) What did
Muhammad do for a living? What did many Arabs do for a living? What was the city of Mecca known for?
Occasion: Muhammad’s revelations reported in 610
CE? When was this written? What does that mean?
Significance: What attitude does the document illustrate Islam took toward merchants and trade?
(“Take rank with the martyrs of the faith”)
Additional Document: Which would be most useful?
What might each show / not show?

“Take rank with martyrs”
View
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“Camel pass through eye of a needle”
Origin
= Christianity
= Islam c. 1500

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2 A’s; 4 B’s; 5 C’s; 8 D’s; 1 F
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Average score was a 75%
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13 students increased grade over previous test, 7 students scored lower, 1 student the same
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Test curve is meant to acknowledge the expectations of the College Board (“passing” the AP exam does not require getting 70% of the points on the test)

Please take the next few minutes to complete the anticipation guide silently on your own.

#1. MUHAMMAD IS THE TITLE OF THE
GOD IN ISLAM.
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FALSE  Muhammad is revered as
Allah’s prophet. He is the most recent in a string of prophets to reveal Allah’s word. Allah is the term given to the God in Islam and in fact represents the same notion of God that Jews and
Christians have.

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FALSE  The common image of a Muslim is a turbaned dark Arab man with a long beard.
However this image is part of the minority of
Muslims. Arabs make only 15% of the world’s
Muslim population. As a matter of fact the Middle
East comes in third with East Asia coming in at first
(69%) and Africa (27%) coming in at second.
Another common misconception is that all Arabs are Muslims. While the vast majority of Arabs are
Muslims (75%), there are many other religions that
Arabs practice including Christianity and Judaism.

#3. MUSLIMS DO NOT ACKNOWLEDGE
JESUS AS GOD.
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TRUE  Many people are amazed to find out that according to Muslim belief, Jesus is one of the greatest messengers of God. One cannot be a Muslim without believing in the virgin birth and the many miracles of Jesus
Christ. Jesus is also mentioned in many verses of the Quran and is often used as an example of good virtue and character.
However, the main difference between
Christianity and Islam is that Muslims do not believe that Jesus was God.

#4. FOR ONE MONTH EACH YEAR, MUSLIMS
ARE NOT ALLOWED TO EAT AT ALL DURING
THE DAY.
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TRUE  The Lunar month of Ramadan is observed by all Muslims as a means of atonement for their sins. During that month, all Muslims are expected to go without food (and excess liquid) from sun up until sundown. They may, however, eat after sundown. Special exceptions are made for the sick, elderly, and young children.

#5. ISLAM IS INTOLERANT OF OTHER
RELIGIONS.
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FALSE  Islam has always given respect and freedom of religion to all faiths. In the Quran it says “God does not forbid you, with regards to those who fight you not for religion nor drive you away out of your homes, from dealing kindly and justly with them, for god loves those who are just.” There are many historical examples of Muslim tolerance towards other faith. One such example was when the caliph Umar was ruler of Jerusalem from 634 to 644
AD. He granted freedom to all religious communities and said that the inhabitants of his city were safe and that their places of worship would never be taken away from them.
He also set up courts that were designated to the non
Muslim minorities. Whenever he would visit holy areas he would ask for the Christian patriarch Sophronius to accompany him.

#6. AL-QAEDA IS AN ISLAMIC
ORGANIZATION.
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FALSE  Al-Qaeda was founded in 1988 by
Osama Bin Laden as a quasi-political organization bent on destroying western powers that were
“conspiring against Islam.” Most of it’s members are Muslim, but practice an extremist form of
Islam that is not consistent with the beliefs of most Muslims. As a group, they choose to depart from the teachings of the Qur’an and follow their own beliefs in an effort to form a new Islamic empire. The fact that they are almost exclusively
Muslim does not make them an Islamic organization any more than the fact that they are mostly right-handed makes them a right-handed organization.

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#7. CHILDREN AND WOMEN HAVE
VIRTUALLY NO RIGHTS UNDER ISLAMIC
LAW.
FALSE  Children, according to Islamic law, have various rights. One of these is the right to be properly brought up, raised, and educated.
Children must also be treated equally. When giving financial gifts they should all be the same amount and there should be no preference among them. Children are even permitted to take moderately from their parent’s wealth to sustain themselves if the parent declines to give them proper funds for living. A child is also not allowed to get hit in the face or hit by anything larger than a pencil. Islam gave back many human rights to the woman and
Muhammad(s) was even reported saying that “women are the twin halves of men.” A Muslim woman is allowed to reject and accept any suitor for marriage and has the right to seek divorce. There is nothing in Islam that forbids a Muslim woman from exiting her house and they are allowed to drive. Also in regards to education, a woman is obligated to seek knowledge and it is considered a sin if she refuses.

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#8. MUSLIMS BELIEVE THAT IF THEY DIE KILLING A NON-
MUSLIM THEY BECOME A MARTYR AND ARE REWARDED
WITH 72 VIRGINS IN HEAVEN.
FALSE  The true Arabic meaning of the word jihad is struggle. However in
Islam it is often used to describe the striving in the way of god. There are many forms of jihad but the most important ones are Jihad al-nafs (jihad against ones self), jihad bil-lisan (jihad by being vocal), jihad bil yad (jihad by using action), and Jihad bis saif (jihad by using the sword). Each jihad is ranked differently and it was reported that Muhammad returned from a battle and said “We have returned from the lesser jihad (going into battle) to the greater jihad (the struggle of the soul).” This means that a Muslim struggling against himself and his soul is more important than the jihad of going into war. Another misconception is that only when a person dies in war does that person becomes a martyr. This is, however, false and it is believed that anyone doing anything for the sake of god and is killed becomes a martyr. A person who dies while performing pilgrimage in
Mecca, a woman who dies while giving birth, or even someone who dies in a car crash while he was on his way to the mosque are all considered martyrs. There is a weak connection in the Hadith that describes the presence of Houris in Heaven. These are described as physically perfect companions.(“ It was mentioned by Daraj Ibn Abi Hatim, that Abu al-Haytham
'Adullah Ibn Wahb narrated from Abu Sa'id al-Khudhri, who heard Muhammad saying, 'The smallest reward for the people of Heaven is an abode where there are eighty thousand servants and seventy-two houri, over which stands a dome decorated with pearls, aquamarine and ruby, as wide as the distance from al-
Jabiyyah to San'a.”)

#9. MUSLIMS HAVE TRADITIONALLY
BEEN SAVAGE AND BARBARIC IN WAR.
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FALSE  Quite the contrary, when it comes to the conduct of war there are ten rules that every Muslim army must obey:
1. Do not commit treachery
2. Do not deviate from the right path
3. Do not mutilate dead bodies
4. Do not kill children
5. Do not kill women
6. Do not kill aged men
7. Do not harm or burn trees
8. Do not destroy buildings
9. Do not destroy an enemy’s flock, unless you use it for your food
10. When you pass people who have devoted their lives to monastic services leave them alone
During the crusades when Saladin defeated the franks he honored the defeated Frankish army and supplied them with food and during the third crusade when Saladin’s enemy king Richard fell sick, Saladin sent him a gift of fruits and horses.

#10. PRESIDENT OBAMA IS THE FIRST
MUSLIM PRESIDENT.
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FALSE  President Barack Obama was born and raised a Christian. Even while living for four years in heavily Islamic Indonesia,
Obama attended St. Francis of Assisi private school (Catholic). He continues to practice his Christian faith. (Note: A recent public opinion poll showed that up to 22% of the
American public believe he is Muslim, up from 14% when he was elected)

#11. EVERY MUSLIM IS EXPECTED TO VISIT
THE HOLY CITY OF MECCA ONCE IN THEIR
LIFE.
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TRUE  The Hajj, one of the main pillars (beliefs) of Islam states that all
Muslims are to make a pilgrimage to
Mecca at least once in their life.

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#12. ISLAM HAS NO HIERARCHY OF
BELIEVERS. (ALL MUSLIMS ARE EQUAL IN
IMPORTANCE)
TRUE  Unlike Christianity, with its pastors, priests, bishops, pope, etc.
Islam has no direct leadership structure. Imams (prayer leaders) and
Ayatollahs (experts in Islamic Studies) do exist, but just in those defined roles.
All Muslims, no matter how large, small, male, female, old, or young are considered equals in the faith.

Key Concepts from the World of Islam

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Holiest city of Islam.
Mecca is located in
Saudi Arabia and was the birthplace of
Muhammad, the location in which
Allah’s word was revealed to him, and the site of the Ka’ba.

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The Holy Book of
Islam. The Qur’an is the written record of
Muhammad’s revelation for Allah.

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The Ka’ba is a cubical shrine located in the center of Mecca that serves as the focal point of pilgrimages to
Mecca. Believed to have been built by
Abraham. Killing (and weapons) are forbidden in its presence.

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The Hijrah refers to
Muhammad’s flight from Mecca to the city of Medinah, 215 miles to the north. As
Muhammad gained more followers, the tribal leaders in Mecca found him to be a threat and threatened to kill him.

Meaning “Successor to the
Prophet,” the caliph became the leader of Islam. Note that the term has both religious and political significance. The empire they controlled was referred to as the
Caliphate.

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Under the Islamic system of military slavery, Turkic military slaves who formed an important part of the armed forces of the
Abbasid Caliphate.
They eventually formed their own state, ruling
Egypt and Syria.

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Muslim religious scholars. They served as the primary interpreters of Islamic law and the social core of the Muslim urban societies.

The sacred law of Islam. Drawn from the Quran and the Sunnah.
Deals with topics like crime, politics, economics, hygiene, diet, sexuality, prayer, and fasting.

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A tradition relating the words or deeds of the Prophet
Muhammad; next to the Qur’an, the most important basis of
Islamic law.

Islamic place of worship. The equivalent of a temple, cathedral, or church.

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The community of all Muslims. A major innovation against the background of seventh-century Arabia, where traditionally kinship rather than faith had determined membership in a community.

How did Islam become the fastest growing world religion and a major empire?

FOURTH PILLAR – SAWM (RITUAL FASTING)

FIFTH PILLAR – HAJJ (PILGRIMAGE TO MECCA)

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All followers are equal in the eyes of Allah (no hierarchy of believers)
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Conversion is never forced; tolerant toward other monotheistic religions
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Halal practice - No pork, alcohol, sexual practices, divorce
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Requires “submission to Allah” – central focus of life

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Abu Bakr- successor to Mohammed (caliph) instituted the jihad (“Struggle to defend the faith”)
Spread primarily along trade routes, not by force
Key- convert or pay taxes, also promise of paradise and brilliant generals
Treated those conquered with civility (Dhimmi)
Egypt- across North Africa- to Spain (East toward India)

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Abu Bakr elected- Omar followed, two others elected, killed (Succession Issue)
661- caliphate made hereditary in Damascus under
Umayyads
Mohammed’s descendant-- Ali Hussein disputedfollowers called Shiites (partisans of Ali)
Defeated in 680, but split Islamic world into Sunni and Shiite
Split lasts till today- revival among Shiites-
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Iran mostly Shiite/ Iraq Sunni (90% Sunni, 10% Shiite)

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Use of Arabic numerals
Math and astronomy- borrowed zero from India, developed algebra
Medicine- developed treatments later basis of
European medicine and surgery
Paved streets, libraries and education when Europe had none
Art and architecture-- no statues or figures- beauty in buildings – Calligraphy and Arabesques

INTELLECTUAL LIFE
• Trade important- kept ideas going
• Preserved knowledge from Greeks
• Founded universities (Islamic idea) and centers for learning (Cairo, “House of Wisdom” in
Baghdad)
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Built and rebuilt cities- art based on geometric figures, plants
(Arabesques)

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Muhammad (610-632 CE) – Expansion and influence beyond Mecca to entire Arabian peninsula
Rashidun Caliphate (632-661 CE) – “Rightly Guided Caliphs”
– Family of Muhammad
Fitna – 1 st Islamic Civil War – Sunni/Shia Split (656-661 CE)
Umayyad Caliphate (661-750 CE) – Based out of Damascus.
Favored Arab Muslims and emphasized expansion.
Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258 CE) – Based out of Baghdad.
Conquered by Mongols. Cultural Golden Age. Fought
Crusades.
Fatamid Caliphate (969 CE – 1100s) – North African Shia
Caliphate that split power with Abbasids for a period.

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Jihad – “Struggle to Defend the Faith”
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Urban-centered and connected to trade (Why?)
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Appeals to poor (often in cities), need to learn from other Muslims, tradition of trade amongst early followers
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Shari’ah – Religious Law  tied to Qur’an and
Hadith (sayings and actions of Muhammad).
Often very literal and usually imposed by
Muslim rulers. Open to interpretation.