Explain how weather stations communicate weather data.
Explain how a weather map is created.
Explain how computer models help meteorologists forecast the weather
List three types of weather that meteorologist have attempted to
control.
 At
any given point in time, meteorologists
are sharing data from barometers,
anemometers, and thermometers.
 The World Meteorological Organization
(WMO) sponsors a program called World
Weather Watch to promote the rapid
exchange of weather information. This
organization helps developing countries
establish or improve their meteorological
services.
 The
data that scientists collect is then
placed into a weather map.
 A station model is a pattern of
meteorological symbols that represents the
weather at a particular observing station
that is recorded on a weather map.
Scientists use lines on weather maps to connect
point of equal measurements. Lines that
connect points of equal temperature are called
isotherms. Lines that connect points of equal
atmospheric pressure are called isobars.
 Closely spaces isobars indicate a rapid change in
pressure and high wind speeds. Widely spaced
isobars generally indicate a gradual change in
pressure and low wind speeds.
 Isobars that form circles indicate centers of high
or low air pressure. Centers that are marked
with an H represent high pressure. Centers that
are marked with an L represent low pressure.

 Fronts
are identified by sharp changes in
wind speed, direction, temperature, and
humidity.
 Areas of precipitation are commonly
marked with colors or symbols. Different
forms of precipitation are marked with colors
and symbols depending on how hard it is
raining or snowing.
 Doppler
Radar and satellite images supply
most of the information.
 Temperature, wind direction, wind speed,
cloudiness, and precipitation can usually be
forecast accurately. But it is oftentimes
difficult to predict precisely the time when
precipitation will occur or the exact amount.
 This is why they compare models and data in
order to predict what is happening.
 Meteorologists
make four types of forecasts.
Nowcasts mainly use radar and enable
forecasters to focus on timing precipitation
and tracking severe weather.
 Daily forecasts predict weather conditions
for a 48-h period.
 Extended forecasts can be made for 0-5
days. However, accuracy decreases with
each day.
 One
main goal of meteorology is to reduce
the amount of destruction caused by severe
weather by predicting severe weather early.
 When meteorologist forecast severe weather,
they issue warnings and watches.
 A watch is issued when the conditions are
ideal for severe weather.
 A warning is given when severe weather has
been spotted (thunderstorm or tornado) or is
expected within 24-h (snowstorm or
hurricane).
 Cloud
seeding is when the clouds are made
to rain. In this process, particles are added
to the clouds that cause the clouds to
precipitate.
 Hurricanes have also been seeded with
freezing nuclei in an effort to reduce their
intensity.
 Seeding a potential lightning storm with
silver-iodide nuclei has seemed to modify the
occurrence of lightning.