Someone in this house flunked his science test because
someone else in this house told him that love makes the
world go around!"—Cartoon by Randy Glasbergen
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Ionization is the process where atoms that
either gain or lose electrons to have a full
outer shell and in the process become either
positively (+) or negatively (-) charged.
Positively charged ions are called cations.
 losing electrons results in more positive charges
than negative charges.
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Negatively charged ions are called anions.
 gaining electrons results in more negative charges
than positive charges
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Electrons in the outer most layers are called
valence electrons.
Valence number is the number of electrons
an element will gain or lose to combine with
another element.
 The group number of an element indicates the number
of valence electrons
 ex. group 13, has 3 valence electrons
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Also known as ‘The Rule of Eight’
Atoms bond in such a way as to have full
valence energy levels.
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WHY ???
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◦ Atoms tend to be stable with a full outer level
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Beryllium (METAL)
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◦ Atomic # = 4
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2e4P
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Can gain 6e- or lose
2e-.
Easier to lose 2eTherefore a
stronger electron
donor
The result is the
beryllium ion, Be2+
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Fluorine (Non-metal)
◦ Atomic # = 9
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2e9P
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Lose 7e- or gain
1eEasier to gain 1eTherefore, a
stronger electron
acceptor
The result is the
fluoride ion, FWhen naming
anions add the
suffix “ide”
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Argon (non-metal)
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◦ Atomic # = 18
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8e8e2e-
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Noble Gasses
Outer most energy
levels are full.
Does not gain or
lose electrons.
Unreactive
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Homework:
Assignment:
1. Read Science 10 p. 34-39 C
2. Complete Check and Reflect #5-12,
3. Complete Elements and the Periodic
Table: Simple Ions
due next day