Do Now
 These are 5 words from Animal Farm Chapter 10. Find
the sentences in which they are used. Guess or give
the definitions. Use them in 5 sentences of your own
and write a synonym and antonym.
Filial
Denounced
Frugally
Speculating Insoluble
(pg. 128)
(pg. 129)
(pg. 129)
(pg. 130)
(pg. 130)
Agenda
 Adjectives/Adverbs
 Chapter 10 Read Aloud Discussion Questions
Adjectives
 An adjective is a word or set of words that describes
a noun or pronoun. Adjectives usually come before
the word they describe.
 Examples: That is a cute puppy. She likes a high
school senior.
Adjectives
 THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ADJECTIVES
 Possessive adjectives are used to show possession.
They are my, your, his, her, its, our and their.
Articles
 The words a, an, and the are known as articles.
 They are classified as adjectives. A and an are called the
indefinite articles because they are used to indicate nonspecific people or things. The is called the definite article
because it does indicate a specific person or thing.
 A cup (i.e., any cup)
 The cup (i.e., a specific cup)
Demonstrative Adjectives
 Used to demonstrate or indicate specific
things.(This, that, these and those are all
demonstrative adjectives.)
 If I hear that parrot again, I will call the RSPCA.
 (That is a demonstrative adjective. It refers to a
specific parrot.)
 Medals will only be given to those runners who
complete the marathon in less than 8 hours.
Indefinite Adjectives
 Indefinite adjectives do not point out specific things. They
are formed from indefinite pronouns. The most common
indefinite adjectives are no, any, many, few and several.
 The chief has heard many people make the same promise.
 (The indefinite adjective many modifies the noun people.)
 According to a council spokesman, there are no wallabies
left in Derbyshire. However, over the past few months,
many walkers have reported seeing several adults with
young.
 Where are the indefinite adjectives?
Numbers
 Numbers are classified as adjectives too.
 Four dolphins stayed with the boat until dawn.
 (The adjective four modifies the noun dolphins.)
 All we could muster was 9 cans of beans.
 (The adjective 9 modifies the noun cans.
Adverbs
 An adverb is a word or set of words that describes verbs,
adjectives, or other adverbs.
 Typically end in –ly.
 Examples: He speaks slowly (modifies the verb
speaks) He is especially clever (modifies the adjective
clever) He speaks very slowly (modifies the adverb slowly)
 An adverb answers how, when, where, or to what
extent—how often or how much (e.g., daily, completely).
 Examples: He speaks slowly (answers the question
how) He speaks very slowly (answers the question how
slowly)
Tell Where Action
Happened
 Some adverbs tell the place of an action, or where it occurred. Adverbs like this
would be:
 Here
 There
 Everywhere
 Somewhere
 In
 Inside
 Example: I looked everywhere.
Tell When Action
Happened
 Examples of adverbs that tell when an action occurred, or its time, include:
 Now
 First
 Last
 Early
 Yesterday
 Example: I cleaned my room yesterday.
Tell the Extent of the
Action
 Adverbs can describe to what extent something was
done or an action was executed, including:
 Very
 Too
 Almost
 Also
 Example: Ms. Byrd drives too fast!
Practice
 Think of an adjective and adverb to describe the
following:
 Homework
 Reads
 Car
 Ms. Byrd/Ms. Wrotten
 Vegetable Rolls 
Worksheet
Chapter 10
 In groups finishing reading Animal Farm, then
discuss and answer the guiding questions.
Tuesday, September
2014
rd
23 ,
 SSR 15 minutes
Journal: Identify and interpret a metaphor found in
your text.
Objectives
 SWBAT start the drafting process of their thematic
essay
 SWBAT identify the components of an introductory
paragraph and start the process of writing their
paragraphs
The introduction paragraph in an essay of
literary analysis functions as follows:
 It focuses the reader’s attention on the topic and
arouses curiosity for the reader about what you, as
the writer, have to say.
 It specifies your subject and implies your attitude
and tone.
 It provides background necessary to understand the
thesis statement.
 It is concise and sincere.
 It comes to a point with the thesis statement.
Structure of the Introduction Paragraph:
 1st sentence: hook or opening sentence
 2nd – 3rd sentence: transitions from hook while
including T.A.G. (complete title, author’s complete
name, and genre of the work(s) being analyzed)
 3rd – 5th sentence: further logical transitions
 Thesis Statement: final sentence(s) of the
introductions
Strategies for Composing Hooks or Opening
Statements:
 Use a vivid or powerful quotation that has relevance
to your topic.
 Create an analogy for your subject.
 Offer an interesting fact or statistic.
 State an opinion related to your thesis.
 Define a concept central to your argument.
What to Avoid When Composing Hooks or
Opening Statements:
 Cliché statements: “Webster’s dictionary defines
friendship as …”
 First person point of view: “In this essay I will show…”
 Asking rhetorical questions: “Have you ever wondered
what would happen…” (Also avoid addressing the
reader)
 Vague or abstract language
 Broad generalizations: “Symbolism is a powerful tool
used in literature…”
 Any attempt at humor, cleverness, or sarcasm
Consider the following checklist when
composing an introduction paragraph:
□ The hook/opening sentence engages the reader’s
curiosity while remaining academic and
sophisticated.
□ The introduction avoids 1st person point of view,
slang, and poor diction.
□ Specific terms or language are defined.
□ Necessary background information is provided.
□ The paragraph transitions clearly and logically from
the hook to the thesis statement.
□ The introduction need not be longer than 4 – 6
sentences. Lengthy introductions tend to ramble
and can distract from the topic and lose focus.
Sample Introductions:
As you read the following samples, consider their strengths
and weaknesses in light of the previous checklist.
 Identify the hook or opening statement in each sample.
 Identify T.A.G. (title, author, genre).
 Identify transition sentences.
 Identify the thesis statement.
 Identify awkward, vague, wordy, or abstract diction.
 Identify analytical and critical approach.
Sample 1:
A woman’s role in marriage is a controversial
subject that has puzzled and fascinated people as
long as the institution of marriage has been in
existence. Because women have traditionally held a
subservient and passive role in marriage in contrast
to their male counterparts, it is of great interest to
reflect on world civilizations and cultures of the past
in order to observe how contemporary societal
expectations of a wife have evolved over time. One
powerful way of glimpsing into past societies’ views
on wifehood is by carefully examining classical world
literature. The Ramayana of Valmiki and The Tale of
Genji, examples of classical Indian and Japanese
literature and culture, reflect their cultures’ values
regarding a woman’s role as a wife.
Sample 2:
The persona in Ana Castillo’s short story
“Subtitles” narrates, “i have lived my life in a foreign
film.” The idea that she is “typecast” into roles
within her life reflects the dominant society’s
tendency to categorize her as foreign. This
categorization naturally leads to the translation, and
therefore transformation, of her character into
Anglo-American society. This unique narrative
explored the theme and character of the
contemporary Chicana. Castillo’s “Subtitles”
explores the problematic and contradictory nature
of the Chicana identity in dominant Anglo-American
society through the literary conventions of
metaphor, point of view, figurative language, and
symbolism.
Sample 3:
Human memory is one of the greatest
mysteries known to man. Some scientists claim that
the human brain’s capacity to store and remember
information in infinite. Despite modern technology
and advances in brain research, our gift of memory is
still one that baffles scientists, physicians, and
psychiatrists alike. The mystery of memory intrigues
writers, as well. In her award-winning novel Beloved,
Toni Morrison explores the intensity of memory in
the story of an antebellum family haunted by the
past. The controlling theme of memory develops
meaning throughout the novel as a narrative
technique that weaves insight and emotion into the
characters, plot, and symbols.
Sample 4:
Among the long list of prerequisites an effective
leader must possess, confidence and the ability to speak
eloquently and powerfully are necessary to portray a
presence of competence. Certainly, any effective leader
of historical significance may be shown to have possessed
these qualities. In addition to historic figures, characters
in the great canon of classical literature also reveal
societal expectations of sound leadership. In particular,
the playwright’s hand is responsible for depicting, in
dramatic form, the role of the heroic leader in all its
grandeur. Christopher Marlowe, one of the great
playwright’s of the (cont.)
sixteenth century, portrays the character of
Tamburlaine as he succeeds to and defends the
throne in Tamburlaine the Great, Parts I and II. In
Tamburlaine’s character we see a model of
leadership in which confidence and eloquence play a
pivotal role. Tamburlaine’s pride, confidence, and
eloquence qualify him as a competent and effective
leader.
Drafting Time!
Wednesday, September
th
25 , 2014
 Complete the Adverbs vs Adjectives Handout
Objectives
 SWBAT identify and use correct pronoun antecedent
in writing
 SWBAT create study guides for Animal Farm Unit
Exam
Pronouns and
Antecedents?
Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns.
The antecedent of a pronoun is the word that the
pronoun refers to.
A pronoun should refer clearly to its antecedent.
A pronoun and its antecedent should agree in
number (i.e. both singular or both plural) and, where
applicable, gender (i.e., both male or both female).
Indefinite Pronouns
Examples
Simple Pronouns
 The doctor finished her
rounds.
 The doctors finished
their rounds.
Collective Nouns
 The committee granted
its (not their) approval.
 When someone has been
drinking, he or she is more
likely to speed.
Generic Nouns
 A medical student must
study hard if he or she
wants to succeed.
 Medical students must
study hard if they want to
succeed.
More Examples
1. Everybody needs to take (their, his or her) dog to the vet regularly.
2. When the dogs go wild, (they, he or she) always mess up the front yard.
3. I get worried when the neighbors let (their, his or her) dog out.
4. If a person plans to succeed in corporate life, (they, he or she) should know
the rules of the game.
5. Does everyone have (their, his or her) book?
6. Jody and Jerry coached (his or her, their) basketball players every day.
7. When drivers have been drinking, (he or she, they) are more likely to speed.
8. Anyone with a family history of heart disease should have (his or her, their)
cholesterol checked regularly.
9. The jury announced (its, their) verdict.
10.In this class, everyone performs at (his or her, their) fitness level.
Practice
 Complete Handout
Exit Ticket
 Read the directions. You have 10 minutes to
complete.
Study Guides
 Summary Sheet: This is the most common method of
organizing information. You simply summarize the
underlining and marking both in your text and in
your lecture notes. It is important to use titles that
will organize the material in ways meaningful to you.
Then in your own words list the most important
facts under each title. At this point in your study
process, you should be able to use key words--either
in the text or the margin--that will trigger recall
without needing a full written explanation.
Study Guides
 Concept Map: If you learn best from visual
representations, this may be the best method for
you. Arrange a chapter's titles and subtitles using
geometric shapes such as circles, squares, triangles,
radiating lines and arrows to place information in a
meaningful pattern. Graphic overviews can also be
prepared for sections within a chapter.
Study Guides
Index Cards: Index cards are an efficient means of
organizing information that can be written in a
straightforward manner. Examples include definitions of
terms, brief facts or charts, mathematical formulas, and
foreign language vocabulary. Index cards are very easy to
make and a few could even be made after reading a
chapter. First, write the title or topic on the blank side. Then
write the information to be learned on the back or lined side
of the card, preferably upside-down so it is easy to read
when the card is turned. You may even include a brief
example on the back of the card. If you number the cards,
be sure that you mix them up during your final review
session(s) to test recall and understanding.
Thursday, September
2014
th
25 ,
 SSR 15 minutes
Journal: Free Response: Write about anything that
pertains to your text. Draw a picture. Write a poem.
Your choice!
Objectives
 SWBAT show mastery of Animal Farm through final
assessments
 SWBAT practice editing drafts
Animal Farm Unit Exam
 You will have 30 minutes to complete. When you are
done, turn your paper over and SSR.
Editing Marks!
Editing Marks
 Needs to be Lowercase = “/”
NEEDS EDITING!
Elisha before killing John Dawson were interacting like normal
people like if he knew John Dawson, and in that time Elisha was
realizing that he was a good person and he really found no fault into
killing him. Elisha however said that he had to kill him and he still had
to hate him even though he was getting along with him. Elisha really
did not find a real reason on killing John Dawson, but as he was in
the movement and the was part of the enemy side he had to die for
his country. Even though this death was just to show that they are
not weak Elisha stated that when he killed John Dawson something
inside him died with it to which was his innocence because he is still a
kid and his moral went down for killing an innocent person who had
a family and was just at the wrong moment the wrong time. Elisha
killed John Dawson, but as he found no fault in him he just had to
find a reason for hate.
Peer Editing
 Trade typed introductions with a partner.
 Use the editing marks to correct any grammar
mistakes your partner may have.
 Discuss the mistakes!
Use your checklist to edit
for Introduction accuracy!
Friday, September
th
26 ,
2014
 Clear your desk of everything except your body
paragraphs.
 Mastery Quiz (Worth 15 points)
Peer Editing Body
Paragraphs
 Trade body paragraphs with a partner
 Use the sample body paragraph as a guide
 Edit for grammar