TUTORIAL
PHYSIOLOGY
PHSL - 215
Dr. Shaikh Mujeeb Ahmed
Assistant Professor
AlMaarefa College
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
• What is central nervous system?
• What are the divisions of peripheral nervous
system?
• How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
• How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
• What is the difference between afferent and
efferent neuron?
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
• Name the types of glial cells and their function.
• Name the coverings of meninges of the brain and
spinal cord.
• What is CSF?
• Where the CSF is present?
• What is hydrocephalus?
• In how much time brain damage will occur of
there is;
– No oxygen supply
– No glucose supply
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
• Name the parts of brain
• What is the difference between sulci and gyri?
• What structure make
– Brainstem
– Diancephalon
• What are the functions of Cerebellum?
• Name the four lobes of cerebral hemishphere.
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
• In which lobe motor cortex is situated?
• In which lobe sensory cortex is situated?
• In which lobe;
– Auditory cortex is situated?
– Visual cortex is situated
• Which part of the body has got more
representation in
– Motor cotex
– Sensory cortex
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
• If there is damage to left motor cortex, which
side will be paralyzed?
• If there is damage to right sensory cortex,
where the sensation will be lost?
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
• What is autonomic nervous system
• What are the divisions of ANS?
• Give the origin of sympathetic
parasympathetic autonomic nervous system
• Draw the diagram of sympathetic and
parasympathetic ANS showing two neurons.
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
• What is the difference between the length of
preganglionic and postganglionic nerve fibers
in sympathetic and parasympathetic ANS?
• What are the neurotransmitters releases at
pre and post ganglionic nerve fibers of
sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous
system?
Sympathetic ANS
Preganglionic fiber
Postganglionic fiber
Parasympathetic ANS
What is the effect of Sympathetic and
Parasympathetic stimulation on following
areas?
Sympathetic ANS
1.
i.
ii.
1.
1.
1.
1.
i.
1.
1.
i.
Heart
Rate
Force of contraction
Blood Pressure
Bronchi
Sweat Gland
GI motility & Secretion
Effect on sphincter
Saliva
Blood Vessels
Skeletal Muscle Blood
vessels
1. Male Sex organ
1. Urinary Bladder
Parasympathetic ANS
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
• Name the adrenergic receptors where
epinephrine and nor-epinephrine acts.
• What types of adrenergic receptors are
present in the following organs?
– Heart
– Bronchi
– Blood vessels
– Skeletal muscle blood vessels
– GIT
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
• What is the neurotransmitter releases at
postganglionic sympathetic nerve ending
supplying sweat gland?
• Acetyl choline released at postganglionic
parasympathetic nerve ending acts on which
receptor?
• Which receptors are present at the ganglion in
sympathetic and parasympathetic ANS?
• What is adrenal medulla?
• What hormones are secreted by adrenal
medulla?